Research progress of stimulated Raman scattering effect in high power fiber lasers
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摘要:
由于具有高品质、高效率、高鲁棒性、结构紧凑等优点，光纤激光系统在近20年飞速发展，并得到广泛应用。然而发展至今，依旧存在着一些因素（如非线性效应、热效应、模式不稳定性等）限制着光纤激光系统功率的进一步提升。作为其中的一种主要限制因素，受激拉曼散射效应不仅降低了光纤激光器的输出效率，后向斯托克斯光还会提高系统的损毁风险。最近的研究结果表明，少模光纤中受激拉曼散射在引起模式不稳定性的同时，还会导致准静态的模式退化。因此，需要发展有效的拉曼抑制手段来突破现有瓶颈，促进高功率高光束质量光纤激光发展。在介绍高功率少模光纤激光中受激拉曼散射效应新表征的同时，从高功率光纤激光系统整体优化角度出发，总结整理了相关抑制技术研究新进展，并展望未来可能的研究方向。
Abstract:Due to themerits of high quality, high efficiency, high robustness and compact size, the fiber laser systems have developed rapidly in the past 20 years, and have been widely used. However, there are still some factors (such as nonlinear effect, thermal effect, transverse mode instability (TMI), etc.) that limit the scaling of output power of fiber lasers. As one of the main limitations, Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) effect not only reduces the fiber lasers’ efficiency, but also increases the risk of device damage with the backward-Stokes light. In addition, recent studies have shown that SRS effect in few-mode fiber lasers can result in TMI and another type of mode distortion, which is on a much slower time scale. Thereby, from the aspect of fiber design and laser systems, amounts of mitigation strategies have been carry out to suppress this nonlinear effect. In this paper, besides the concise description of SRS-induced mode distortion, the suppression strategies in the past decade are also summarized from the aspect of the fiber laser system optimization.
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Key words:
- stimulated Raman scattering /
- laser technique /
- fiber laser /
- mode distortion /
- suppression strategy
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图 9 时域抖动仿真和1 kW输出功率下仿真光谱[78]
Figure 9. Simulated temporal fluctuations and simulated spectra at the output power of ～1 kW[78]
(a)-(d) simulated temporal fluctuations of seed 1 (OSC), seed 2 (with 500 m fibers)， seed 3 (with 0.5 nm OC-FBG), and seed 5 (with 0.5 nm OC-FBG+500 m fibers); (e)-(h) simulated temporal fluctuations of SRS lights (from 1080 to 1150 nm) in the corresponding amplifiers; (i)-(l) simulated spectra at the output power of ～1 kW.
表 1 近期光纤设计SRS抑制性能汇总
Table 1. Summary of the recent SRS mitigation performance by fiber design
strategy diameter/μm (core/clad) performance period materials — gain decrease ～3 dB 2013—2018 LMA confined-dope fiber ${A_{{\rm{eff}}}}$ 600 μm2 ～22 dB SNR (8 kW) 2012— tapered fiber 20/400 to 30/600 no Raman Stokes light when output power reached 2170 W 2019— SSC-YDF 20/400+30/600+20/400 no Raman Stokes light when output power reached 5008 W 2018— delocalization star-shaped
filter fiber10 (core) ～17 dB (net suppression ratio) 2006/2014 decreasing fiber length LCA-DCF 20/400 SRS threshold increase from 1.6 to 2.4 kW 2020— 
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表 2 光纤激光系统参数优化策略汇总
Table 2. Summary of the parameters optimization strategy in fiber laser system
parameter guideline/method parameter guideline/method wavelength of signal ＞1085 nm bandwidth of FBG in OSC wider fiber length ＜60 m reflective index of FBG in OSC lower core diameter ＞20 μm doping concentration lower seed power lower Raman noise of seed power ＜10−8 W pump methods backward gratings CTFBG/LPG external feedback large angle cleaving self-pulsation special designed seed sources FMW choosing the suitable dispersion value of fibers IM-FWM temporal stable pump
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