Abstract: Based on the grate parallel grinding method that applied to large axisymmetric aspheric lenses manufacturing, the grinding parameters influencing the surface roughness are investigated and the distribution of surface roughness on axisymmetric aspherics is researched. Analyzing the interference between grinding wheel and workpiece, the influence mechanism of the interference on waviness error is established and the main effect factors are proposed. The grinding experiment results show that, the values of surface roughness in vertical grinding direction are much larger than that in parallel grinding direction. The values of surface roughness at the center of workpiece are the minimum, while the maximum values appear on the edges. The grinding wheel vibration and interpolation pace are the main affecting factors in parallel and vertical grinding directions, respectively.