In-situ detection method of harmful elements in landfill
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摘要: 生活垃圾组分中的有毒有害元素易造成填埋场周围土壤和地下水污染。填埋场中有害元素成分的原位在线检测，可为填埋场安全稳定运行提供必要的技术支持。提出一种基于瞬发伽马射线中子活化分析技术的填埋场中有害元素检测方法，针对填埋场中气体导排管的实际环境构建检测装置研究模型，采用聚乙烯球、玻璃球和超纯水混合物混合的替代方案制备不同成分的填埋垃圾样品。围绕氢元素特征峰强度的变化规律，采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟计算优化检测模型的各项几何参数并以活度为300 mCi的镅铍中子源和4 in(约10 cm)BGO探测器等主要部件构建实验研究平台。蒙特卡罗模拟和实验结果表明，垃圾填埋场中氯、锰、镍、铬元素特征峰强度均随着元素容重的增加而增强，且呈现良好的线性变化关系。Abstract: Toxic and harmful elements of living garbage can easily cause soil and groundwater contamination around the landfill. In-situ monitoring of harmful elements in landfills can provide the necessary technical support for safe and stable operation of landfills. In this paper, a method for detecting harmful elements in landfill based on instantaneous gamma-ray neutron activation analysis is proposed. The research model of the detection device for the actual environment of gas pipeline in landfill is made by using polyethylene ball, glass ball and ultra-pure water mixture as dry refuse substitute for preparing different landfill samples. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the geometrical parameters of the optimized model and experimental research platform was constructed using an americium beryllium neutron source with an activity of 300 mCi and a 4 inch BGO detector. Monte Carlo simulation and experimental results show that the characteristic peak intensities of chlorine, manganese, nickel and chromium in the landfill are enhanced with the increase of the element bulk density, and there exists a good linear relationship.
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Key words:
- landfill /
- harmful elements /
- PGNAA /
- Monte Carlo method /
- online measurement
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图 2 使用重复结构卡建立的装置模型平面图
Figure 2. Plan view of device model created with repeating structure card
图 3 氢峰计数随装置外半径R变化图
Figure 3. Hydrogen peak count varies with outer radius (R) of device
图 4 氢峰计数随装置上、下半部高度H1、H2变化图
Figure 4. Hydrogen peak count varies with height of upper half and lower half of device
图 5 4种元素不同容重条件下γ能谱模拟图(差谱)
Figure 5. Simulated γ spectrum of 4 elements of different content (difference spectrum)
图 6 MCNP软件计算4种元素特征峰净计数与对应元素容重关系图
Figure 6. Relationship between 4 elements' characteristic peak net count and corresponding element content (simulated by MCNP)
图 7 4种元素不同容重条件下γ实验能谱图(差谱)
Figure 7. Experimental γ energy spectrum of 4 elements of different content (difference spectrum)
图 8 4种元素特征峰下净计数与对应元素容重关系图
Figure 8. Relationship between 4 elements' characteristic peak net count and corresponding element content
表 1 部分城市垃圾中干基部分物理组分
Table 1. Physical compositions of waste of some cities
City physical composition/% kitchen residue wood fabric class plastic rubber paper non-combustible composition Beijing[13] 64.93 1.48 3.11 15.07 — 12.94 2.47 Chanzhou[14] 44.40 1.80 3.15 7.95 — 3.56 39.14 Chengdu[15] 71.50 — 1.30 6.90 — 3.30 17.00 Chongqing[16] 59.20 4.20 6.10 15.70 0.30 10.10 4.50 Tianjin[17] 77.24 1.59 8.41 1.24 7.83 14.39 3.69 Guangzhou[18] 37.76 2.26 20.44 25.55 — 8.10 5.89 Shenzhen[19] 51.10 5.90 6.90 14.70 — 8.40 13.00 
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表 2 垃圾干基替代物元素组成
Table 2. Element compositions of polyethylene ball, glass ball and their isovolumetric mixture as dry refuse substitute
substance element composition/% C O H Si Ca Na polyethylene ball 85.71 — 14.29 — — — glass ball — 46.86 — 35.15 8.39 9.60 dry refuse substitute 20.01 35.92 3.34 26.94 6.41 7.38
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