一种脉冲电流工况下晶闸管缓冲电路的优化方法

仝玮; 李华; 傅鹏; 王琨; MahmoodUl Hassan; 宋执权

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202032.190280

一种脉冲电流工况下晶闸管缓冲电路的优化方法

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.190280

仝玮^{1, 2,},
李华¹,
傅鹏¹,
王琨^{1, 2},
MahmoodUl Hassan¹,
宋执权^1, ,

1.
中国科学院等离子体物理研究所，合肥 230031
2.
中国科学技术大学科学岛分院，合肥 230026

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFE0300504)

详细信息

作者简介:
仝　玮(1993－)，男，博士研究生，从事聚变电源失超保护系统研究；tongwei@ipp.ac.cn

通讯作者:
宋执权(1975－)，男，研究员，从事大功率聚变电源系统及开关技术研究；zhquansong@ipp.ac.cn

中图分类号: TM135
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-31
- 修回日期: 2019-10-29
- 刊出日期: 2019-12-26

A parameter optimization method of snubber circuit of thyristor under pulse current working condition

Tong Wei^{1, 2
,},
Li Hua¹,
Fu Peng¹,
Wang Kun^{1, 2},
Mahmood Ul Hassan¹,
Song Zhiquan^{1
, ,}

1.
Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
2.
Science Island Branch, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

摘要

摘要: 对脉冲工况下超导磁体失超保护系统的晶闸管阀组缓冲回路参数进行设计和优化。基于晶闸管反向恢复电流的指数衰减模型建立了晶闸管关断时刻的电流数学模型。通过测试实验获得关键参数之间的关系并结合晶闸管性能及系统要求在Matlab中建立晶闸管电流反向恢复模型。考虑关断时刻电流下降率、反向恢复电压峰值等性能指标要求及回路研制费用，提出了一种脉冲工况下晶闸管缓冲回路的参数设计及优化方法。在Matlab中搭建失超保护系统模型，对比优化前后缓冲回路对系统在晶闸管关断时刻电气性能的影响，仿真结果显示，相比于原参数，最优参数下，反向恢复电压峰值降低了11%，反向恢复电压变化率峰值降低了43%。同时，回路制造成本降低为原先的1/7。
- 失超保护 /
- 晶闸管 /
- 缓冲回路 /
- 脉冲电流
Abstract: As thyristor valve is the core equipment of quench protection system of large fusion device, the design and optimization of its snubber circuit parameters are related to the safety and reliability of the valve and even the whole quench protection system. So far, most of the design and optimization of snubber circuit parameters are based on DC steady-state conditions. However, there are few literatures on parameter optimization under impulse conditions. In this paper, the buffer circuit parameters of thyristor valve are designed and optimized under the pulse condition of superconducting magnet quench protection system. Based on the exponential model of thyristor reverse recovery current, the current mathematical model at the turn-off time is established. The relationship between the key parameters is obtained through experiments, and the reverse recovery model of thyristor current is established in Matlab according to thyristor performance and system requirements. Considering the performance requirements such as current drop rate at turn-off time, peak reverse recovery voltage and the cost, a parameter design and optimization method of thyristor snubber circuit under pulse condition is proposed. The model of quench protection system is built in Matlab, the simulation results show that compared with the original parameters, the optimal parameters reduce 11% of the peak reverse recovery voltage and 43% of the peak reverse recovery voltage change rate. At the same time, the manufacturing cost of the circuit is reduced to 1/7 of the original one.
- quench protection /
- thyristor /
- snubber circuit /
- pulse current

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图 1 人工过零型失超保护系统换流过程

Figure 1. Simplified commutation diagram of quench protection system (QPS)

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图 2 指数型模型波形图

Figure 2. Exponential function model

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图 3 脉冲工况下晶闸管测试实验电路图

Figure 3. Test circuit for thyristor reverse recovery characteristic

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图 4 等效电路图

Figure 4. Equivalent circuit diagram of snubber circuit during the reverse recovery process

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图 5 反向恢复电压峰值随C_s，R_s变化趋势

Figure 5. Peak value of V_dmax under various set of R_s and C_s.

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图 6 反向恢复电压变化率峰值随C_s，R_s变化趋势

Figure 6. Peak value of dV_d/dt under various set of R_s and C_s

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图 7 dV_d/dt_max随R_s的变化趋势

Figure 7. Peak value of dV_d/dt as a function of R_s

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图 8 反向恢复电压变化率峰值随C_s，R_s变化趋势

Figure 8. Peak value of V_d as a function of R_s and C_s

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图 9 反向恢复电流电压波形对比

Figure 9. Comparison of reverse recovery current and voltage waveforms

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表 1 晶闸管反向恢复过程中电气参数数据

Table 1. Specific characteristics of thyristor during reverse recovery process

charge voltage/V	I_p/A	I_RM/A	di/dt/ (A·µs⁻¹)	Q_rr/µC
1 000	6 622	895	37.10	8 057.3
1 500	9 935	967	50.96	8 412.8
2 000	13 250	1 100	76.54	9 049.2
2 500	16 560	1 206	97.41	9 568.7
3 000	19 880	1 330	121.22	10 153.0
3 500	23 190	1 402	135.97	10 505.4
4 000	26 500	1 523	160.26	11 076.2
4 500	29 810	1 627	179.44	11 517.1
5 000	33 160	1 738	198.98	11 962.4
5 500	36 480	1 846	221.88	12 471.5
6 000	39 790	1 915	238.76	12 849.6
6 500	43 090	2 014	256.90	13 244.7
7 000	46 380	2 132	279.01	13 715.9
7 500	49 880	2 230	298.37	14 122.1

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表 2 RC缓冲回路设计要求

Table 2. Design specification of RC snubber circuit for QPS in LSTF

symbol	parameter	value
L/µH	external inductance	25
V_dRM, V_RRM/V	max. repetitive peak forward and reverse blocking voltage of chosen thyristor	5 200
dV_d/dt_crit/(V·µs^－1)	critical rate of rise of commutating voltage of chosen thyristor(di/dt=500 A/µs, T_vj=125 ℃)	3 000
I_RM/A	peak value of reverse recovery current (di/dt=500 A/µs, T_vj=125 ℃)	1 825.7
N_S	thyristor series number	2

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表 3 RC的最优参数及对应的电压特性

Table 3. The optimum R_s, C_s and corresponding circuit parameters

symbol	parameter	value
R_s/Ω	Snubber Resistance	11.3
C_s/μF	Snubber Capacitance	0.8
V_dmax/V	Maximum Reverse Recovery Voltage	6 210
(dV_d/dt)_max/(V·μs⁻¹)	Maximum V_d change rate	3 600

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表 4 电气参数对比

Table 4. Comparison of electrical parameters

	optimum parameters	Practical parameters
I_RM /A)	1 815	1 835
(di/dt)₀/(A·s^－1)	309×10⁶	307×10⁶
v_dmax/V	6 168	6 960
(dV_d/dt)_max /(V·µs^－1)	3 598	6 285

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参考文献(12)

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