Lifetime characteristic of three-electrode field-distortion gas switch of fast linear transformer driver
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摘要: 针对设计的一种场畸变气体开关，研究中间电极材料分别为不锈钢和黄铜条件下的烧蚀特性，结合开关寿命期间静态与触发特性的变化规律，获得决定开关寿命的关键因素，为三电极场畸变气体开关的性能优化提供理论支撑。研究结果表明，采用不锈钢和黄铜作为中间电极的烧蚀区域以及表面粗糙度均随着放电次数增加而增大，黄铜电极烧蚀较为严重且表面有明显的烧蚀圆斑，不锈钢电极则具有更高的表面粗糙度，阴阳极表面烧蚀存在明显差异，随着放电次数的增加，击穿点向电极边缘区域集中，影响开关的沿面绝缘特性，是导致开关寿命终结的主要原因。
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关键词:
- 快脉冲直线变压器驱动源 /
- 气体开关 /
- 工作寿命 /
- 电极烧蚀 /
- 触发延时
Abstract: Three-electrode field-distortion gas switch is a crucial element of modular fast linear transformer driver (FLTD). Electrode erosion affects the trigger jitter during the lifetime of the switch, which in turn can affect the output characteristics of FLTD. Therefore, studying the impact of electrode erosion on the trigger jitter of the switch is of great significance to optimize the switch structure and predict the switch life. This paper studies the erosion characteristic of intermediate electrode of three-electrode switch, and the electrode materials are stainless steel and brass. The key factors affecting the lifetime of switch are obtained by considering the changing rules of trigger and erosion characteristics, which provides theoretical support for the optimization of the performance of the three-electrode switch. The results show that the erosion area and surface roughness of stainless steel and brass electrodes increase with discharge times. The brass electrode is ablated more seriously and the stainless steel electrode has higher surface roughness. With the increase of discharge times, the breakdown point moves to the electrode edge area, which affects the insulation performance of the switch. -
图 2 触发电极电压以及回路电流图
Figure 2. Typical waveforms of circuit current and voltage in trigger electrode
图 3 触发次数与不同中间电极材料的自击穿电压关系
Figure 3. Relation ships between self-breakdown voltages and discharge times
图 4 中间电极为不锈钢和黄铜时触发时延的组成及变化趋势
Figure 4. Variation trend of trigger time delay of intermediate electrode stainless steel and brass
图 5 2 400次放电后不锈钢和黄铜电极表面宏观图
Figure 5. Macrographs of stainless steel and brass electrode surfaces after 2 400 discharges
图 6 不锈钢、黄铜阳极表面微观形貌
Figure 6. Surface microstructure of stainless steel and brass anode
图 7 中间电极为不锈钢时阴极、阳极表面轮廓线
Figure 7. Actual contours of anode and cathode after different discharge times (stainless steel electrodes)
图 8 中间电极为黄铜时阴极、阳极表面轮廓线
Figure 8. Actual contours of anode and cathode after different discharge times (brass electrodes)
表 1 不同放电次数后电极表面烧蚀区域宽度
Table 1. Width of ablation area on electrode surface after different discharge times
discharge times width of stainless steel/mm width of brass/mm cathode anode cathode anode 1 200 6 6.5 6.1 7.36 2 400 7.77 7.95 7.19 8.67 3 600 8.36 8.63 7.9 9.05 
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