Thermal characteristics of high voltage and high current thyristor assembly
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摘要: 晶闸管具有控制特性好、寿命长、噪声小等优点，目前在脉冲功率技术应用中，利用大功率晶闸管代替传统气体开关是研究趋势。晶闸管在高电压、大电流、重复频率工作条件下使用，需要对开关组件进行仔细的选型和组合。基于晶闸管的失效机理，对晶闸管组件在高电压、大电流、高di/dt，高du/dt、重复频率工作下的发热问题进行了理论分析、仿真计算和试验研究，对晶闸管组件在重复频率脉冲功率系统中的使用条件给出了理论依据。随着晶闸管工作电压、电流、频率增大，晶闸管的热损耗也越大，晶闸管的发热也越严重。为保证晶闸管安全稳定地工作，需要结温保持在安全范围内，不能长时间在重复频率下工作。Abstract: Thyristors have the advantages of good control characteristics, long life and low noise. At present, in the application of pulse power technology, the use of high-power thyristors instead of traditional gas switches is a research trend. Thyristors are used under high voltage, high current, and repetitive operating conditions, requiring careful selection and combination of switch components. Based on the failure mechanism of thyristors, the theoretical analysis, simulation calculation and experimental research on the heating of thyristor components under high voltage, high current, high di/dt, high du/dt and repetitive frequency are carried out. The use conditions of the thyristor components in repetitive frequency pulse power system thus have a theoretical basis. As the operating voltage, current, and frequency of the thyristor increase, the thermal loss of the thyristor increases and the heating of the thyristor becomes more serious. To ensure the safe and stable operation of the thyristor, the junction temperature needs to be kept within a safe range, and it cannot work at repetitive frequencies for a long time.
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表 1 电传导参数和热传导参数对比
Table 1. Comparison of electrical conduction parameters and heat transfer parameters
electrical parameters thermal parameter voltage $U({\rm{V}})$ temperature difference $\Delta T({\rm{K}})$ current $i({\rm{A}})$ thermal power $P({\rm{W}})$ amount of charge $Q({\rm{C}})$ heat ${Q_{{\rm{th}}}}({\rm{J}})$ resistance $R(\Omega) $ thermal resistance ${R_{{\rm{th}}}}({\rm{K }}\cdot {{\rm{W}}^{ - 1}})$ capacitance $C({\rm{F}})$ heat capacity ${C_{{\rm{th}}}}{\rm{/(J }}\cdot{{\rm{K}}^{{\rm{ - 1}}}}{\rm{)}}$ 
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表 2 晶闸管热阻抗参数
Table 2. Thyristor’s thermal impedance parameters
thermal resistance Rth/(K·W−1) heat capacity Cth/(J·K−1) 2.06 0.777 00 1.60 0.169 00 0.76 0.034 00 0.08 0.006 75
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表 3 热等效电路仿真结果
Table 3. Simulation data of thermal equivalent circuit
voltage/kV maximum temperature difference/℃ stable temperature difference/℃ 3 71.9 9.13 4 292.7 37.35 5 484.6 61.55
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表 4 热平衡壳温
Table 4. Heat balance shell temperature
voltage/kV duration/min initial shell temperature/℃ final shell temperature/℃ shell temperature rise/℃ minimum junction temperature/℃ maximum junction temperature/℃ single average temperature rise/℃ 3 1 20.8 23.2 2.4 32.30 95.1 0.008 0 3 3 22.0 26.2 4.2 36.33 99.1 0.004 7 3 5 23.0 30.2 7.2 39.33 102.1 0.004 8 4 1 22.2 27.1 4.9 64.45 319.8 0.016 3 4 3 24.7 35.5 10.8 72.85 328.2 0.012 0 5 1 23.4 29.9 6.5 91.45 514.5 0.021 7
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