掺镱飞秒激光晶体研究进展

孙士家; 娄斐; 林州斌; 钟德高; 滕冰

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202032.190451

掺镱飞秒激光晶体研究进展

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.190451

孙士家^1,,
娄斐²,
林州斌³,
钟德高¹,
滕冰^1, ,

1.
青岛大学物理科学学院，山东青岛 266071
2.
青岛科技大学数理学院，山东青岛 266061
3.
中国科学院福建物质结构研究所，福州 350002

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(61705231，51972181)；山东省自然科学基金重大基础研究项目(ZR2018ZB0650)

详细信息

作者简介:
孙士家(1987—)，男，硕士，工程师，从事新型激光晶体研究；ssj1027@126.com

通讯作者:
滕　冰(1968—)，女，博士，教授，从事新型光电功能晶体材料研究；5108tb@163.com

中图分类号: O799
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-11-18
- 修回日期: 2019-12-20
- 刊出日期: 2019-12-26

Progress of the research on Yb³⁺-doped femtosecond laser crystals

1.
College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
2.
School of Mathematics and Physics, QingdaoUniversity of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
3.
Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China

摘要

摘要: 飞秒激光在军事、医学、通讯、加工等领域有着重要应用，已经成为新世纪激光技术领域的研究热点。得益于激光二极管（LD）的快速发展，以LD作为泵浦源成为新型全固态飞秒激光器的发展趋势。Yb^3＋离子掺杂的激光晶体材料因其独特的能级结构、宽带吸收与发射等优势，逐渐成为LD直接泵浦并实现1.0 μm飞秒激光输出的重要增益介质。详细总结了当前掺Yb^3＋飞秒激光晶体的研究进展，分析了目前存在的主要问题，给出了未来飞秒激光晶体发展的两个建议方向：高效率小功率飞秒激光和大功率高能量飞秒激光。以Yb^3＋:Sr₃Y₂(BO₃)₄晶体为例，详细研究了其晶体生长、光谱、连续与飞秒激光性能，并实现了中心波长在1 060 nm处脉宽为116 fs，平均输出功率为1.08 W，光光转换效率为33.1%的高效率飞秒激光输出，表明Yb^3＋:Sr₃Y₂(BO₃)₄及其同体系晶体是一类优异的高效率飞秒激光材料。
- 飞秒激光 /
- 激光晶体 /
- Yb^3＋离子 /
- 激光二极管 /
- Yb^3＋:Sr₃Y₂(BO₃)₄ /
- Yb^3＋:Sr₃Gd₂(BO₃)₄
Abstract: As widely used in military, medicine, communication, processing and other fields, femtosecond laser has become a research hotspot of the whole laser technology in the 21st century. The pump source used by laser diodes (LDS) has become a new development trend of all-solid-state femtosecond lasers owe to the rapid development of LDs. Yb^3＋-doped laser crystal materials gradually become important gain media for LD pumping and generate 1.0 μm femtosecond laser due to their unique energy level structures, broad absorption and emission spectra. In this paper, the research progress of Yb^3＋-doped femtosecond laser crystals is summarized in detail, the main problems are analyzed, and two directions for the development of femtosecond laser crystals in the future are proposed: high efficiency and low power femtosecond laser, high power and high energy femtosecond laser. The crystal growth, spectra properties, continuous and femtosecond laser performances of the Yb^3＋:Sr₃Y₂(BO₃)₄ crystal were studied in detail. And the Yb^3＋:Sr₃Y₂(BO₃)₄ femtosecond laser with the center wavelength of 1060 nm, pulse width of 116 fs, average output power of 1.08 W and optical conversion efficiency of 33.1% were successfully generated. The experimental results indicate that Yb^3＋:Sr₃Y₂(BO₃)₄ and its corresponding system crystals are excellent femtosecond laser materials with high optical conversion efficiency.
- femtosecond laser /
- laser crystal /
- Yb^3＋ ions /
- laser diode /
- Yb^3＋:Sr₃Y₂(BO₃)₄ /
- Yb^3＋:Sr₃Gd₂(BO₃)₄

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图 1 采用提拉法生长的原子数分数为3%的Yb:SYB晶体^[89]

Figure 1. 3at.%Yb:SYB crystals grown by Czochralski method^[89]

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图 2 原子数分数为3%的Yb:SYB晶体的偏振吸收截面^[89]

Figure 2. Polarized absorption cross-sections of 3at.%Yb:SYB crystal^[89]

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图 3 原子数分数为3%的Yb:SYB晶体的偏振发射截面^[89]

Figure 3. Polarized emission cross-sections of 3at.%Yb:SYB crystal^[89]

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图 4 原子数分数为3%的Yb:SYB晶体的荧光衰减曲线^[89]

Figure 4. Fluorescence decay curve of 3at.%Yb:SYB crystal^[89]

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图 5 激光实验装置示意图^[89]

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of laser experimental setup^[89]

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图 6 原子数分数为3%的Yb:SYB晶体连续激光泵浦与输出功率^[89]

Figure 6. CW laser output versus incident pump powers of 3at.%Yb:SYB crystal^[89]

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图 7 原子数分数为3%的Yb:SYB晶体激光发射谱图^[89]

Figure 7. Laser emission spectra of 3at.%Yb:SYB crystal^[89]

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图 8 克尔透镜锁模激光实验装置示意图^[90]

Figure 8. Experimental setup of Kerr-lens mode-locked laser^[90]

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图 9 原子数分数为3%的Yb:SYB晶体平均输出功率与脉冲宽度^[90]

Figure 9. Average output power and pulse duration of 3at.%Yb:SYB laser^[90]

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图 10 原子数分数为3%的Yb:SYB晶体脉冲激光自相关曲线与光谱图^[90]

Figure 10. Autocorrelation trace and spectrum of 3at.%Yb:SYB pulse laser^[90]

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图 11 采用提拉法生长的原子数分数为11%的Yb:SYB晶体^[91]

Figure 11. 11at.%Yb:SYB crystal grown by Czochralski method^[91]

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图 12 SESAM锁模激光实验装置示意图^[91]

Figure 12. Experimental setup of the SESAM mode-locked laser^[91]

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图 13 原子数分数为11%的Yb:SYB晶体锁模激光平均输出功率与泵浦功率^[91]

Figure 13. Average output versus incident pump powers of 11at.%Yb:SYB crystal^[91]

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图 14 原子数分数为11%的Yb:SYB晶体锁模激光光谱与自相关曲线^[91]

Figure 14. Autocorrelation traces and laser emission spectra of 11at.%Yb:SYB mode-locked pulses^[91]

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图 15 采用提拉法生长的原子数分数为6.3%的Yb:SGB晶体^[94]

Figure 15. 6.3at.%Yb:SGB crystal grown by Czochralski method^[94]

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图 16 原子数分数为6.3%的Yb:SGB晶体的结构特征^[94]

Figure 16. The structure of 6.3at.%Yb:SGB crystal^[94]

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图 17 室温下原子数分数为6.3%的Yb:SGB晶体的偏振吸收截面和荧光光谱^[94]

Figure 17. Polarized absorption cross-sections and fluorescence spectra of 6.3at.%Yb:SGB at 300 K^[94]

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图 18 原子数分数为6.3%的Yb:SGB晶体77 K温度下荧光光谱以及Yb³⁺离子能级图^[94]

Figure 18. Fluorescence spectra of 6.3at.%Yb:SGB crystal at 77 K and energy level schema of Yb³⁺ ions^[94]

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图 19 原子数分数为6.3%的Yb:SGB晶体的荧光衰减曲线^[94]

Figure 19. Fluorescence decay curve of 6.3at.%Yb:SGB crystal^[94]

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图 20 原子数分数为6.3%的Yb:SGB晶体的偏振发射截面与增益截面^[94]

Figure 20. Polarized emission and gain cross-sections of 6.3at.%Yb:SGB crystal^[94]

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图 21 原子数分数为6.3%的Yb:SGB晶体的连续激光输出功率与吸收泵浦功率^[94]

Figure 21. CW output versus absorbed pump powers of 6.3at.%Yb:SGB crystal^[94]

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图 22 原子数分数为6.3%的Yb:SGB晶体连续激光发射谱^[94]

Figure 22. Laser emission spectra of 6.3at.%Yb:SGB crystal^[94]

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表 1 掺Yb³⁺飞秒激光晶体的光谱与激光参数

Table 1. Spectra and laser parameters of Yb³⁺-doped femtosecond laser crystals

matrix crystal	absorption spectrum FWHM/nm	emission spectrum FWHM/nm	wavelength/nm	pulse width/fs	average power/mW	optical-optical conversion efficiency/%	reference
YCa₄O(BO₃)₃	3	44	1 055 1 050	35 46	36 46	2.6 4.2	[14-15]
GdCa₄O(BO₃)₃	3	44	1 045 1 030	90 350	40 −	2 −	[16-17]
Sr₃Y(BO₃)₃	6	60	1 062 1 068	69 86	80 300	7.3 12	[18-19]
YAl₃(BO₃)₄	22	25	1 050	87	61	2.5	[20-21]
LaSc₃(BO₃)₄	25	33	1 053	67 58	39 73	2 3.7	[22-23]
KY(WO₄)₂	3.5	24	1 039 1 033	65 114	22 5 000	2 33.3	[24-25]
KGd(WO₄)₂	3.5	25	1 040 1 038	67 162	3 000 8 800	10 32.1	[26-27]
CaGdAlO₄	6	60	1 063 1 050	32 94	90 12 500	2.5 20	[28-29]
CaYAlO₄	11	61	1 059 1 045	33 156	36 740	2.9 19.2	[30-31]
Y₃Al₅O₁₂	4	9	1 060 1 051	35 100	107 151	2.3 3.2	[32-33]
SrY₄(SiO₄)₃O	7	73	1 066 1 068	70 94	156 110	3.9 3.1	[34-35]
Y₂SiO₅	6	48	1 041 1 044	122 198	410 2 610	2.7 17.4	[36]
Lu₂SiO₅	6	67	1 059	233 260	1 100 2 600	7.3 17.4	[36]
Gd₂SiO₅	6	72	1 031	343	396	7.9	[37]
CaF₂	18	71	1 049	65 68	35 2 400	3.2 33	[38-39]
Na:CaF₂	24/5	65/15	1 039	175 190	352 510	7.8 6.6	[40]
YYF₄	11	40	1 033 1 031	170 210	130 250	8.3 14.3	[41]
YLiF₄	11	40	1 028 1 024	196 233	54 120	1.4 2.5	[42]

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