Analysis of safety threat from high electromagnetic pulses and power protection research of vehicle electronic control unit
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摘要: 强电磁脉冲通过场线耦合的方式，对车辆电子控制系统造成了严重的电磁安全威胁，影响车辆机动性能的发挥。基于典型车辆平台，分析了电控单元在强电磁脉冲环境下的效应机理，开展了整车平台的宽带强电磁脉冲辐照试验，分析了车辆平台发动机系统运行状态与电控单元电源线上耦合脉冲电压之间的关系。试验结果表明宽带电磁脉冲通过电源线缆对车辆电控单元造成干扰效应，导致发动机熄火。根据分析结果，对电控单元直流电源进行了多级防护电路设计，通过切断电磁脉冲能量传输路径的方式实现电磁安全防护，并验证了防护电路的有效性。Abstract: By coupling with cables, the high electromagnetic pulse poses a serious threat to the electronic control unit of vehicle platform, which affects the performance of the vehicle. Based on a typical vehicle platform, the effect mechanism of electronic control unit(ECU) in the environment of high electromagnetic pulses is analyzed. The relationship between the working state of the engine on the vehicle platform and the coupling voltage on the power supply line of the ECU is analyzed through the wide-band high electromagnetic pulse irradiation test of the vehicle platform. The test results show that the wide-band electromagnetic pulses cause electromagnetic interference to the vehicle ECU through the power cable, which leads to the engine flameout. According to the analysis results, a multi-level protection circuit is designed for the DC power supply of the ECU. The electromagnetic safety protection is realized by cutting off the transmission path of electromagnetic pulse energy, and the effectiveness of the protection circuit is verified.
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