高功率窄线宽光纤激光技术

来文昌; 马鹏飞; 肖虎; 刘伟; 李灿; 姜曼; 许将明; 粟荣涛; 冷进勇; 马阎星; 周朴

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202032.200186

高功率窄线宽光纤激光技术

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200186

国防科技大学前沿交叉学科学院，长沙 410073

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（62035015，62005316）；湖南省自然科学基金项目（2019JJ10005）

详细信息

作者简介:
来文昌（1996—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事光纤激光技术研究；laiwenchang203@163.com

通讯作者:
周　朴（1984—），男，研究员，博士生导师，主要从事光纤激光与光束合成技术研究；zhoupu203@163.com

中图分类号: TN248.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-02
- 修回日期: 2020-10-22
- 刊出日期: 2020-11-19

High-power narrow-linewidth fiber laser technology

College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

摘要

摘要: 以波长拓展为主线介绍了单频光纤振荡器的研究进展，以功率提升为主线介绍了单频连续光纤放大器的发展现状，以产生窄线宽种子源的方法为依据总结了1 μm波段高功率窄线宽连续光纤激光器的国内外研究成果。分析当前高功率单频光纤激光器和高功率窄线宽光纤激光器的发展趋势和面临的主要挑战，梳理并讨论高功率窄线宽光纤激光的关键技术，并基于当前高功率窄线宽光纤激光器的发展现状介绍其在各领域的应用价值。
- 激光器 /
- 光纤放大器 /
- 窄线宽 /
- 高功率 /
- 模式不稳定 /
- 非线性效应
Abstract: In this paper, the research progress of single-frequency fiber oscillators are introduced in the terms of wavelength expansion, the development of single frequency fiber amplifiers are introduced in the terms of power scaling. Besides, the research achievements of 1 μm-band high-power narrow-linewidth fiber laser are summarized based on the techniques of generating narrow-linewidth seed sources. Then the development trend and main challenges of high-power single-frequency and narrow-linewidth fiber laser are analyzed. The key technologies of high-power narrow-linewidth fiber laser are summarized and discussed. Finally, applications in various fields based on the current development status of high-power narrow-linewidth fiber laser are introduced.
- lasers /
- fiber amplifiers /
- narrow linewidth /
- high power /
- mode instability /
- nonlinear effects

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图 1 美国空军实验室811 W空间结构单频光纤放大器结构示意图^[72]

Figure 1. Schematic of 811 W single frequency fiber amplifier with bulk optical structure in AFRL （cited from Ref. [72]）

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图 2 国防科技大学550 W全光纤结构单频光纤放大器结构示意图^[79]

Figure 2. Schematic of 550 W single frequency fiber amplifier with all-fiber structure in NUDT （cited from Ref. [79]）

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图 3 韩国国防发展局基于窄线宽半导体激光实现2.05 kW窄线宽光纤激光结构示意图^[105]

Figure 3. Schematic of 2.05 kW narrow linewidth fiber laser based on FBG-stabilized LD in Ground Technology Research Institute of South Korea （cited from Ref. [105]）

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图 4 中国工程物理研究院基于窄线宽光纤振荡器实现3.08 kW窄线宽线偏振光纤激光结构示意图^[22]

Figure 4. Schematic of 3.08 kW narrow linewidth linearly polarized fiber laser based on narrow linewidth fiber oscillator in CAEP （cited from Ref. [22]）

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图 5 清华大学基于窄线宽光纤振荡器实现2.19 kW窄线宽光纤激光结构示意图^[112]

Figure 5. Schematic of 2.19 kW narrow linewidth fiber laser based on narrow linewidth fiber oscillator in Tsinghua University （cited from Ref. [112]）

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图 6 国防科技大学基于随机光纤激光实现1.01 kW窄线宽线偏振光纤放大器结构示意图^[117]

Figure 6. Schematic of 1.01 kW narrow linewidth linearly polarized fiber amplifier based on random fiber laser in NUDT （cited from Ref. [117]）

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图 7 上海光学精密机械研究所基于ASE滤波源实现2.7 kW窄线宽光纤激光结构示意图^[25]

Figure 7. Schematic of 2.7 kW narrow linewidth fiber laser based on filtered ASE source in SIOM （cited from Ref. [25]）

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图 8 国防科技大学基于级联正弦相位调制实现1.89 kW窄线宽线偏振光纤激光结构示意图^[122]

Figure 8. Schematic of 1.89 kW narrow linewidth linearly polarized fiber laser based on cascaded sine phase modulation in NUDT （cited from Ref. [122]）

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图 9 国防科技大学基于白噪声相位调制实现4.09 kW窄线宽光纤激光实验结果

Figure 9. Experimental results of 4.09 kW narrow linewidth fiber laser based on WNS modulation in NUDT

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图 10 中国工程物理研究院基于白噪声相位调制实现3.7 kW窄线宽光纤激光结构示意图^[126]

Figure 10. Schematic of 3.7 kW narrow linewidth fiber laser based on WNS modulation in CAEP （cited from Ref. [126]）

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图 11 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所基于白噪声相位调制和正弦相位调制实现3.01 kW窄线宽光纤激光结构示意图^[127]

Figure 11. Schematic of 3.01 kW narrow linewidth fiber laser based on WNS and sine modulation in SIOM （cited from Ref. [127]）

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图 12 美国空军实验室基于伪随机编码信号调制实现1.17 kW窄线宽光纤激光结构示意图^[129]

Figure 12. Schematic of 1.17 kW narrow linewidth fiber laser based on PRBS modulation in AFRL （cited from Ref. [129]）

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图 13 麻省理工学院基于伪随机编码信号调制实现3.1 kW窄线宽线偏振光纤激光结构示意图^[23]

Figure 13. Schematic of 3.1 kW narrow linewidth linearly polarized fiber laser based on PRBS modulation in MIT （cited from Ref. [23]）

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图 14 耶拿大学窄线宽光纤放大器结构示意图^[136]

Figure 14. Schematic of narrow linewidth fiber amplifier obtained by Jena University （cited from Ref. [136]）

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图 15 1064 nm单频光纤激光通过非线性晶体转换产生532 nm单频光纤激光结构示意图^[11]

Figure 15. Schematic of nonlinear frequency transformation of single-frequency fiber laser from 1064 nm to 532 nm （cited from Ref. [11]）

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图 16 四腔镜环形腔单谐振光参量振荡腔的实验结构图^[191]

Figure 16. Experiment setup for four mirror ring cavity single resonant optical parametric oscillator （cited from Ref. [191]）

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图 17 共孔径和分孔径相干合成示意图^[196]

Figure 17. Schematic of filled aperture coherent beam combining （CBC） and tiled aperture CBC （cited from Ref. [196]）

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图 18 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所10.8 kW光谱合成结构原理图^[201]

Figure 18. Schematic of 10.8 kW spectra beam combining in SIOM （cited from Ref. [201]）

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图 19 LIGO探测器简化示意图^[13]

Figure 19. Simplified diagram of an advanced LIGO detector （not to scale）（cited from Ref. [13]）

inset （a）: location and orientation of the LIGO detectors at Hanford, WA （H1） and Livingston, LA （L1）; inset （b）: the instrument noise for each detector near the time of the signal detection

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表 1 单频光纤振荡器研究进展

Table 1. Typical progress of single frequency Yb-doped fiber oscillators

fiber type	doped ions	year	institution	structure	wavelength/nm	power/mW	linewidth/kHz	Ref.
silica fiber	Tm	2017	Tianjin University	DBR	1920	120	36	[63]
	Yb:YAG	2019	Shandong University	DBR	1064	110	1300	[43]
	Nd	2020	SCUT	DBR	1120	15	71.5	[44]
phosphate fiber	Yb	2004	NP Photonics	DBR	1064.2	200	3	[57]
	Yb	2011	SCUT	DBR	1064	400	<7	[53]
	Yb	2012	NP Photonics	DBR	976	100	<3	[42]
	Yb	2013	SCUT	DBR	1014	164	<7	[58]
	Yb	2013	SCUT	DBR	1083	100	<2	[59]
	Yb	2016	SCUT	DBR	1120	62	5.7	[60]
	Er-Yb	2003	−	DBR	1560	200	1.75	[64]
	Er-Yb	2005	The University of Arizona	DBR	1550	1600	−	[65]
	Er-Yb	2005	The University of Arizona	DBR	1535	1900	−	[66]
	Er-Yb（PCF）	2006	The University of Arizona	DFB	1534	2300	−	[45]
	Er-Yb	2008	The University of Arizona	DFB	1536	165	−	[40]
	Er-Yb	2010	SIOM	DBR	1535	100	<5	[61]
	Er-Yb	2010	SCUT	DBR	1535	306	1.6	[62]
	Er-Yb	2013	−	DBR	1538	550	<60	[54]
germanate fiber	Tm	2007	NP Photonics	DFB	1893	50	3	[39]
	Tm	2018	SCUT	DBR	1950	617	12.5	[46]
	Tm	2019	Zhejiang University	ring cavity	1957	400	20	[52]
	Tm	2019	University of Southampton	DBR	1952	1520	−	[47]
silicate fiber	Tm	2009	AdValue Photonics	DFB	1950	40	<3	[41]

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表 2 单频掺镱光纤放大器研究进展

Table 2. Typical progress of single frequency Yb-doped fiber amplifiers （Non: nonlinearly polarized state, NA: not available, ATF: acoustically tailored fiber, T-YDF: tapered Yb-doped fiber, LMA: large mode area）

year	institution	configuration	power/W	wavelength/nm	PER/dB	M²	approaches	Ref.
2005	University of Southampton	bulk	264	1060	16	<1.1	counter-pumping	[68]
2007	University of Southampton	bulk	511	1060	Non	1.6	LMA fiber	[69]
2007	Corning	bulk	502	1064	Non	1.4	bi-directionally pumping	[70]
2011	AFRL	bulk	494	1064	15	<1.3	ATF and counter-pumping	[72]
2011	University of Michigan	bulk	511	1064	15	1.19	chirally-coped-core fiber	[71]
2014	AFRL	bulk	811	1064	NA	<1.2	ATF and thermal gradient	[73]
2008	OFS Laboratories	all-fiber	194	1083	Non	1.2	acoustically-designed fiber	[74]
2011	AFRL	all-fiber	203	1065	NA	−	thermal gradient and gain competition	[80]
2012	Laser Zentrum Hannover	all-fiber	301	1064	Non	−	counter-pumping and thermal gradient	[75]
2012	NUDT	all-fiber	310	1064	Non	1.3	LMA fiber	[81]
2013	NUDT	all-fiber	332	1064	21	1.4	LMA fiber	[76]
2013	SIOM	all-fiber	170	1064	NA	1.02	strain gradient and thermal gradient	[77]
2017	NUDT	all-fiber	414	1064	16.9	1.34	LMA fiber and strain gradient	[78]
2020	NUDT	all-fiber	550	1030	Non	1.47	tapered fiber	[79]
2019	LIGO Laboratories	all-fiber	178	1064	19	<1.32	specialty LMA fiber	[15]
2019	Laser Zentrum Hannover	all-fiber	200	1064	19	−	LMA fiber and thermal gradient	[82]
2020	University of Bordeaux	all-fiber	365	1064	17	<1.1	LMA fiber and short fiber length	[83]

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表 3 基于窄线宽光纤振荡器的高功率窄线宽光纤激光研究进展

Table 3. Progress of high power narrow-linewidth fiber lasers based on narrow-linewidth fiber oscillators

year	institution	power/kW	linewidth	M²	PER/dB	Ref
2015	HFB Photonics	2.05	75 GHz	<1.4	Non	[106]
2015	Tianjin University	0.52	30 GHz	<1.09	＞18	[113]
2016	CAEP	2.9	0.31 nm	−	Non	[107]
2017	NUDT	1.018	0.3 nm	<1.24	14	[114]
2017	Tsinghua University	3.12	2.5 nm	1.58	Non	[111]
2017	CAEP	1.093	6.5 GHz	1.1	14.5	[108]
2019	Tsinghua University	2.19	0.0865 nm	1.46	Non	[112]
2020	CAEP	3.08	0.2 nm	<1.45	11.6	[22]

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表 4 基于相位调制技术的高功率窄线宽光纤激光研究进展

Table 4. Progress of high power narrow-linewidth fiber lasers based on phase modulation techniques

modulation methods	year	institution	power/kW	linewidth	M²	PER/dB	Ref
sine modulation	2011	Fibertek, Inc.	1	<0.5 GHz	<1.4	Non	[121]
sine modulation	2016	NUDT	1.89	45 GHz	<1.3	15.5	[122]
WNS modulation	2017	NUDT	2.43	0.255 nm	−	18.3	[123]
	2018	NUDT	3.94	0.89 nm	1.86	Non	[24]
	2018	CAEP	2.5	54 GHz	<1.21	Non	[138]
	2018	CAEP	3.5	0.38 nm	1.9	Non	[124]
	2019	CAEP	1.5	13 GHz	1.14	13	[139]
	2019	NUDT	0.827	1.8 GHz	−	12	[140]
	2019	SIOM	3.01	48 GHz	1.17	Non	[127]
	2019	CAEP	2.62	32 GHz	<1.3	14.2	[125]
	2019	CAEP	3.7	0.3 nm	<1.36	Non	[126]
	2020	NUDT	4.09	0.9 nm	1.05	Non	−
PRBS modulation	2014	AFRL	1.17	3 GHz	1.2	Non	[129]
	2015	AFRL	1.47	5 GHz	1.17	Non	[141]
	2016	AFRL	1	2.3 GHz	<1.2	Non	[130]
	2016	MIT	3.1	12 GHz	<1.15	10	[23]
	2018	University of Michigan	2.2	20 GHz	1.09	Non	[134]
	2020	SIOM	1.27	2.2 GHz	<1.2	Non	[128]
	2020	DSO National Laboratories, Singapore	1	6.9 GHz	1.19	Non	[135]
unavailable phase modulation	2016	Jena	3	0.17	1.3	Non	[136]
	2017	Jena	3.5	0.18	1.3	Non	[137]
	2018	Jena	4.4	−	−	Non	[26]
	2018	IPG	2.5	30 GHz	<1.1	Non	[27]

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