Circuit simulation optimization and test of shunt type muzzle arc suppression device
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摘要: 针对轨道炮电枢出炮口时拉弧问题，提出了一种基于分流器形式的炮口电弧抑制方案。以固体电枢为研究对象，采用Simulink软件根据发射器与消弧装置的电气参数建立含有炮口消弧装置的发射系统仿真模型，目的是通过对消弧装置电气参数不同阻抗值的仿真计算，实现消弧装置电气参数与发射系统电气参数的最佳匹配，达到降低消弧支路对电枢出炮口速度的影响，同时有效地抑制炮口电弧。由于与消弧装置串联的电枢前方轨道阻抗在消弧支路阻抗中占比很大，通过消弧装置阻抗电阻、电感优化调整，实现电枢在膛内运动起始阶段，消弧支路的阻抗远大于电枢支路的阻抗，发射电流大部分都流过电枢，保证了电枢的加速运动。随着电枢向炮口方向运行，消弧支路阻抗快速减小，同时在磁通压缩作用下，消弧支路中电流快速增加，电枢支路电流减小，但由于电枢前后方磁场对其都是推进作用，电枢出炮口速度基本不受影响，保持较高的系统效率；电枢出炮口后，消弧支路的阻抗小于电弧的阻抗值，建立合理的电弧快速消引条件，消弧支路电流远大于电枢上电流，发射系统的剩余能量可通过消弧装置释放，降低炮口拉弧对发射性能的影响。经过消弧装置的电阻和电感多参数值的计算与分析，最后确定与文中发射系统匹配的消弧装置电阻约为1 mΩ，电感约为0.1 μH。结合发射装置结构，设计出的消弧装置电阻为1.32 mΩ，电感为0.124 μH，在搭建的发射系统仿真模型中对其进行了充电电压3 kV等级的发射仿真计算，在充电电压3 kV的发射能量等级下进行了消弧发射试验，仿真结果与试验结果具有较好的一致性，消弧效果良好。Abstract: Aiming at the arc-drawing problem of rail gun armature at muzzle exit, a muzzle arc suppression scheme based on shunt is proposed in this paper. Taking solid armature as the research object, the simulation model of electromagnetic rail launching system with arc suppression device is established by using Simulink software. The purpose is to achieve the best match between the electrical parameters of the arc suppression device and the electrical parameters of the launch system through the simulation calculation of the different impedance values of the arc suppression device, so as to reduce the influence of the arc suppression branch on the speed of the armature outlet, and at the same time effectively restrain the arc of the muzzle. By optimizing the parameters of resistance and inductance of the arc suppression device, the impedance of the arc suppression branch is far greater than that of the armature branch in bore, and the launch current mostly flows through the armature, which has the least effect on the armature speed. After the armature is out of the muzzle, the impedance of the arc suppression branch is less than that of the arc, thus a reasonable arc rapid elimination is established. The residual energy of the launching system can be released by the arc suppression device to reduce the influence of the muzzle arcing on the launching performance. After the calculation and analysis of the multi parameter values of the resistance and the inductance of the arc suppression device, it is determined that the arc suppression resistance matching the transmission system in this paper is about 1 mΩ, and the inductance is about 1 μH. Combined with the structure of the launching device, the resistance and inductance of the arc suppression device are 1.32 mΩ and 0.124 μH respectively. In the simulation model of the launching system, the launching simulation calculation of the charging voltage 3 kV is carried out. Under the energy level of the charging voltage 3 kV, the arc suppression launching test is carried out. The simulation results are in good agreement with the test results, and the arc suppression effect is good.
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图 1 含有分流器形式炮口装置的轨道发射系统电路图
Figure 1. Circuit diagram of rail launching system with diverter type muzzle device
图 6 炮口初速、电枢出炮口电流和消弧电流随Rs变化的变化曲线
Figure 6. Curve of muzzle velocity，armature outlet current and arc suppression current changing with Rs
图 7 炮口初速、电枢出炮口电流和消弧电流随Ls变化的变化曲线
Figure 7. Curve of muzzle velocity，armature outlet current and arc suppression current changing with Ls
图 8 无消弧和加装消弧装置状态下电流仿真结果图
Figure 8. Current simulation results with or without arc suppression device
图 9 无消弧和加装消弧装置状态下电枢膛内运动速度曲线
Figure 9. Velocity curve of armature in bore with or without arc suppression device
图 10 电磁发射系统动态仿真结果
Figure 10. Dynamic simulation results of electromagnetic launch system
表 1 电磁轨道炮系统参数
Table 1. Parameters of electromagnetic railgun system
power supply capacitance C/mF inductance of wiring and transfer circuit R1/mΩ inductance of wiring and transfer circuit L1/μH system initial resistance R0/mΩ system initial inductance L0/μH resistance gradient of rail R′/mΩ inductance gradient of rail L′/μH resistance of armature branch Ra/mΩ 1 2 60 1 1.8 0.3 1.1 0.4 
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表 2 加装消弧装置试验结果
Table 2. Test results of installing arc suppression device
charging voltage/kV armature mass/g confluence current/kA B-point ring speed/(m/s) 3 41 277.9 1282 3 42 276.4 1304
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表 3 未加装消弧装置试验结果
Table 3. Test results without installing arc suppression device
charging
voltage/kVarmature
mass/gconfluence
current/kAB-point ring
speed/(m/s)muzzle speed drop the first the second 3 40 274.4 1325 −43 −21
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