Study on damage effects of lightning electromagnetic pulse on typical airborne GPS module
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摘要: 为研究雷电电磁脉冲对典型无人机机载GPS模块的损伤效应，通过仿真模拟和试验分析相结合的方法，获取了对GPS模块受雷电电磁脉冲暂态干扰与永久损伤过程的认识，并获得了相应端口的损伤阈值。基于对雷电流特性的分析结果，利用CST仿真模拟了雷击时，无人机内外产生的复杂电磁场环境和GPS模块线缆上耦合产生的感应电压。并对典型机载GPS模块的数据通讯端口进行了雷电脉冲注入试验。研究结果表明：随着雷电脉冲的不断增强，GPS输出波形受到削弱影响的程度不断加重，直至丧失位置信息传输能力并发生物理损伤。GPS数据输入端口的雷电脉冲损伤阈值为314.5 V，GPS数据输出端口的雷电脉冲损伤阈值为235.2 V。Abstract: To study the damage effects of lightning electromagnetic pulses on the UAV airborne GPS module, the understanding of the transient interference, permanent damage process and the damage threshold of GPS modules by lightning electromagnetic pulses was obtained, through a combination of simulation and experimental analysis. Based on the analysis results of lightning current, CST was used to simulate the complex electromagnetic field and coupling voltage on the GPS cable. The data communication ports of the typical airborne GPS module was subjected to a lightning pulse injection test. The research results show that: with the continuous enhancement of the injected lightning pulse, the influence on the GPS output waveform kept on increasing. And finally, the function to transmit position information was lost and physical damage occurred. The lightning impulse damage threshold of the GPS data input port is 314.5 V, the lightning impulse damage threshold of the GPS data output port is 235.2 V.
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图 10 不同U0条件下UP和IP变化曲线
Figure 10. Variation trend of UP and IP under different condition of U0
图 11 不同U0下端口2输出UH和UL变化趋势
Figure 11. Variation trend of UH and UL under different condition of U0
表 1 无人机材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters of the drone
No. material density/（kg·m−3） permittivity conductivity/（S·m−1） relative permeability/（H·m−1） application 1 copper 8500 / 5.8×107 1 motor 2 polyimide 1200 2.4～4.5 / 1 shell of battery, control module, stage 3 Al 7075 2800 / 35 1 wing frame, main part 4 carbon fiber 1500 5 300 1 panel 
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表 2 GPS模块端口信息
Table 2. GPS module port information
No. name I/O description characteristic 1 SDA O I2C bus master-slave date compass clock pin 2 GND G ground ground 3 TX O UART communication interface GPS date output pin 4 RX I UART communication interface GPS date input pin 5 VCC I DC supply 3.6~5.5 V 6 SCL I I2C bus master-slave date compass clock pin
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