Review of microlens array optical phased array beam scanning technique
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摘要:
光学相控阵光束扫描技术在激光雷达、空间光通信和光开关等领域拥有巨大的应用潜力。微透镜阵列光学相控阵可以通过微透镜阵列间μm量级的相对位移同时对多个出射光束的二维倾斜相位进行调制，从而实现大角度二维光束扫描，具有出射口径大、结构简单、体积小、微惯性、多功能等优点。首先介绍了微透镜阵列光学相控阵的扫描原理，之后对微透镜阵列光学相控阵国内外的发展现状、应用和现阶段存在的问题进行了阐述，最后对微透镜阵列光学相控阵的发展趋势进行了展望。
Abstract:Beam scanning technology based on optical phased arrays has great potential for applications in the fields of LIDAR, space optical communication, and optical switching. Among them, the microlens array optical phased array can modulate the tilted phase of multiple beams simultaneously through the relative displacement of micrometer scale between microlens arrays, so as to achieve large angle beam scanning, with the advantages of large emitting aperture, simple structure, small size, micro-inertia, etc. Several well-known institutions at home and abroad have conducted research on the microlens array optical phased array. This paper first introduces the scanning principle of microlens array optical phased array, then elaborates on its development status and application, and finally gives an outlook on the trend of its development.
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Key words:
- beam scanning /
- optical phased array /
- microlens array /
- discrete addressing /
- continue addressing
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图 1 不同结构微透镜阵列光学相控阵扫描原理图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of microlens array optical phased array with different structure
图 2 微透镜阵列光学相控阵扫描原理示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the scanning principle of the microlens array optical phased array
图 3 将微透镜阵列子孔径一半作为最大相对位移时，F#与最大扫描角度间的关系曲线
Figure 3. Curve of relationship between F# and the maximum scanning angle when half of the sub-aperture is used as the maximum relative displacement
图 4 麻省理工学院林肯实验室利用二元光学技术制作的用于微透镜阵列扫描器的微透镜阵列
Figure 4. Microlens arrays for microlens array scanners made in the Lincoln Laboratory at MIT using binary optics
图 5 美国空军实验研究室提出的优化开普勒结构微透镜阵列光学相控阵的扫描光斑
Figure 5. Scanning spot for modified microlens array optical phased array proposed by the U. S. Air Force Experimental Research Laboratory
图 6 美国通用电气天文太空部提出的基于液晶光学相控阵和微透镜阵列光学相控阵的连续寻址扫描系统
Figure 6. A continuous addressable scanning system based on liquid crystal optical phased array and microlens array optical phased array proposed by General Electric Astronomy and Space Division, USA
图 7 美国罗克韦尔科学中心制作的以压电堆作为驱动器的微透镜阵列光束扫描器
Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the scanning principle of the optical phased array of microlens array
图 8 土耳其Koc大学提出的连续寻址微透镜阵列光学相控阵
Figure 8. Continuous addressable scanning microlens array optical phased array proposed by Koc University
图 9 土耳其Koc大学以静电梳状驱动器作为驱动装置的微透镜阵列光学相控阵
Figure 9. Microlens array optical phased array with electrostatic comb driver as the driving device at Koc University
图 10 华中科技大学制作的微透镜阵列光学相控阵原型装置
Figure 10. Prototype device of optical phased array with microlens array made by Huazhong University of Science and Technology
图 11 天津大学设计的收发式一体微透镜阵列扫描器
Figure 11. The transceiver-type integrated microlens array scanner designed by Tianjin University
图 12 中国科学院光电技术研究所进行的基于开普勒结构的微透镜阵列扫描器离散寻址扫描实验结果图
Figure 12. Experimental results of discrete addressable scanning of microlens array scanner based on Keplerian structure conducted by the Institute of Optics and Electronics (IOE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
图 13 中国科学院光电技术研究所提出将自适应光纤准直器作为预扫描装置的连续寻址扫描微透镜阵列光学相控阵技术
Figure 13. Optical phased array technique of continuous addressable scanning microlens array with adaptive fiber collimator as a pre-scanning device proposed by IOECAS
图 14 基于多路复用器的大视场高分辨率成像技术原理图和多路复用器实物图
Figure 14. Schematic diagram of large field of view high-resolution imaging technology based on multiplexer and physical diagram of multiplexer
图 15 基于微透镜阵列光学相控阵的收发式一体激光雷达测试系统。（a）激光雷达实验装置光路图；（b）相机拍摄的图片；（c）激光雷达测试系统拍摄距离图像
Figure 15. Transceiver integrated lidar test system based on microlens array optical phased array. (a) optical path diagram of the lidar experimental setup. (b) pictures taken by the camera. (c) distance images taken by the lidar test system
图 16 基于微透镜阵列光学相控阵的光纤开关
Figure 16. Fiber optic switch based on microlens array optical phased array
图 17 基于微透镜阵列光学相控阵的多视场投影显示器
Figure 17. Multiview projection display based on microlens array optical phased array
图 18 利用微透镜阵列光学相控阵作为太阳跟踪器的太阳能系统
Figure 18. Solar energy system using micro lens array optical phased array as solar tracker
表 1 微透镜阵列光学相控阵扫描技术的发展
Table 1. Development of microlens array optical phased array scanning technology
time agency wavelength/nm structure FOV/(°) actuator (speed) mode diameter/cm 1989 MIT 632.8 Galileo 10 PZT（35 Hz） discrete 5 1990 GE − LC＋Kepler − − continue − 1994 ROK 632 Galileo 9.5 PZT（300 Hz） discrete 0.6 2001 IOE 632.8 Galileo 15 − discrete − 2002 AFRL 1064 M-Kepler 36.8 − discrete 1 2006 Koc 632 Field lens＋M-Kepler − − continue 0.06 2007 HUST 650 Galileo 6.6 PZT（200 Hz） discrete 1.35 2010 AFRL 552 M-Kepler（LC） 1 − discrete − 2011 Koc − Field lens＋M-Kepler − Comb（4 kHz） continue − 2018 TJU 1064 New M-Kepler 20 − discrete − 2020 IOE 632 Kepler 10 − discrete 3 2021 IOE 632 AFOC＋Kepler 10 − continue 3 
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