高功率紧凑PFN-Marx发生器研究进展综述

刘世飞; 张建德; 张自成

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202234.210483

高功率紧凑PFN-Marx发生器研究进展综述

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202234.210483

国防科技大学前沿交叉学科学院，长沙 410073

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51677190，51707199）；湖南省自然科学基金项目（2017JJ1005）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘世飞，liushifei16@nudt.edu.cn

通讯作者:
张建德，zhangjiande@nudt.edu.cn

中图分类号: TM214
计量
- 文章访问数: 2648
- HTML全文浏览量: 1324
- PDF下载量: 452
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-10
- 修回日期: 2022-02-22
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-15
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-12

Review of high power compact pulse forming network-Marx generators

College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

摘要

摘要:
PFN-Marx发生器可同时实现升压和脉冲形成，具有紧凑的基因。特别是近年来脉冲储能技术的发展，使得直接利用PFN-Marx发生器驱动各类负载成为现实，因而PFN-Marx发生器逐渐成为国内外研究热点。对国内外的高功率紧凑PFN-Marx发生器的研究进展进行了系统介绍，评述其参数和结构特点。通过总结，从时间发展历程上看，PFN-Marx发生器采用高储能密度器件，装置的储能密度水平在不断地提高，尺寸紧凑化水平也在提高；在追求紧凑化的手段上，PFN-Marx发生器的空间结构的优化设计效果优于PFN网络拓扑参数的优化设计；PFN-Marx发生器采用波形优化方法具有较明显的收益，可有效降低装置紧凑化带来级间分布参数更强耦合的负面影响。同时论文探讨了PFN-Marx发生器的发展趋势，为PFN-Marx发生器的研究和技术路线探索提供参考和依据。
- 高功率 /
- 脉冲形成网络 /
- PFN-Marx发生器 /
- 高储能密度
Abstract:
The pulse forming network (PFN)-Marx generator can realize both integration of pulse modulation and pulse voltage accumulation, exhibiting a the natural “gene” of compactness. In recent years, the pulsed energy storage technology has been developing rapidly, which makes it a reality to use PFN-Marx generators to drive various loads directly. The PFN-Marx generator has gradually become a worldwide research focus. The research progress of high-power compact PFN-Marx generators are systematically introduced in this paper. In summary, judging from the development over time, PFN-Marx generators adopt high-energy-density components and thus improve the energy density level themselves, which makes the generator more and more compact. In the pursuit of compactness, the effect of optimal design of PFN-Marx generator spatial structure is better than optimal design of PFN network topology parameters. The waveform optimization method of the PFN-Marx generator has obvious benefits, which can effectively reduce the negative impact of stray parameters strongly coupling between stages caused by small size of generator. In the meanwhile, this paper discusses the development trend of PFN-Marx generator.
- high power /
- pulse forming network /
- PFN-Marx generator /
- high energy storage density

HTML全文

图 1 PFN-Marx发生器典型电路图

Figure 1. Typical circuit diagram of PFN-Marx generator

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 NRCC PFN-Marx发生器装置图

Figure 2. NRCC setup diagram of PFN-Marx generator

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 输出电压波形图

Figure 3. Waveform of output pulse

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 AE PFN-Marx发生器装置图

Figure 4. AE setup diagram of PFN-Marx generator

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 输出电压波形图

Figure 5. Waveform of output pulse

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 TTU PFN-Marx发生器装置图

Figure 6. TTU setup diagram of PFN-Marx generator

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 PFN结构图

Figure 7. Structural diagram of a PFN

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 PAL PFN-Marx发生器装置图

Figure 8. PAL setup diagram of PFN-Marx generator

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 输出电压波形图

Figure 9. Waveform of output pulse

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 APELC PFN-Marx发生器电路图

Figure 10. APELC circuit diagram of PFN-Marx generator

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 输出电压波形图

Figure 11. Waveform of output pulse

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 中国工程物理研究院PFN-Marx发生器装置图

Figure 12. CAEP setup diagram of PFN-Marx generator

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 输出电压波形图

Figure 13. Waveform of output pulse

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 印度PFN-Marx发生器装置图

Figure 14. Indian setup diagram of PFN-Marx generator

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 陡化开关及陡化电容

Figure 15. Peaking gap and the peaking capacitor

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 无陡化电容输出电压波形

Figure 16. Waveform of output pulse without peaking capacitor

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 17 采用陡化电容输出电压波形

Figure 17. Waveform of output pulse with peaking capacitor

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 18 CEAEA PFN-Marx发生器装置图

Figure 18. CEAEA setup diagram of PFN-Marx generator

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 19 输出电压波形图

Figure 19. Waveform of output pulse

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 20 中国工程物理研究院PFN-Marx发生器装置图

Figure 20. CAEP setup diagram of PFN-Marx generator

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 21 PFN结构图

Figure 21. Structural diagram of a PFN

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 22 输出电压波形图

Figure 22. Waveform of output pulse

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 23 国防科技大学PFN-Marx发生器装置图

Figure 23. NUDT setup diagram of PFN-Marx generator

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 24 输出电压波形图

Figure 24. Waveform of output pulse

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 25 国防科技大学PFN结构图

Figure 25. NUDT structural diagram of a PFN

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 26 输出电压波形图

Figure 26. Waveform of output pulse

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 典型装置参数对比

Table 1. Comparison of typical device parameters

setup	year	pulse width/ns	output voltage/kV	rising edge/ns	repetition rate/Hz	peak power/GW	impedance/Ω	energy density/(J·L⁻¹)
NRCC	2001	500	300	15	10	12	7.5	2
AE	2009	1000	500	＜200	5	5	50	2
TTU	2005	200	250	＜80	10	3.3	18.5	10
CAEP	2017	180	980	40	30	16	50	3
CEAEA	2018	85	400	＜5	100	1.6	100	2
NUDT	2020	90	540	45	30	5	50	6.5
Note: NRCC—National Research Council of Canada, AE—Applied Energetics of USA, TTU—Texas Tech University of USA,CAEP—China Academy of Engineering Physics, CEAEA—Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives of France, NUDT—National University of Defense Technology of China

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(47)

[1]	Schamiloglu E, Barker R J, Gundersen M, et al. Modern pulsed power: Charlie Martin and beyond[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2004, 92(7): 1014-1020. doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2004.829058
[2]	Bluhm H. Pulsed power systems: principles and applications[M]. Berlin: Springer, 2006.
[3]	Kekez M M. A 480 joule, 650 kV, <3 ns risetime, 500 ns pulse width compact pulse generator[C]//Digest of Technical Papers. 11th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference. IEEE, 1997: 1524-1529.
[4]	Phelps D A. High density compact tunable PFN-Marx modulators[C]//Nineteenth IEEE Symposium on Power Modulators. IEEE, 1990: 507-510.
[5]	高景明. 陡化前沿Marx发生器及其应用研究[D]. 长沙: 国防科技大学, 2009 Gao Jingming. Research on a wave erection Marx generator and its applications[D]. Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2009
[6]	张昊冉. 基于云母电容器的PFN-Marx相关技术研究[D]. 长沙: 国防科技大学, 2016 Zhang Haoran. Technique research on the PFN-Marx generator based on mica capacitors[D]. Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2016
[7]	Hammon J, Lam S K, Drury D, et al. Compact 1 MV, 10 Hz pulser[C]//Digest of Technical Papers. 11th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference. 1997: 147-152.
[8]	Li H T, Ryoo H J, Kim J S, et al. Development of rectangle-pulse Marx generator based on PFN[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2009, 37(1): 190-194. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2008.2007730
[9]	韩克华, 任西, 周密, 等. 高压脉冲电容器性能参数优选实验方法研究[J]. 爆破器材, 2011, 40(3):22-25. (Han Kehua, Ren Xi, Zhou Mi, et al. Study on the characteristics parameters optimization experiment with measurement method for high voltage pulsed power capacitor[J]. Explosive Materials, 2011, 40(3): 22-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2011.03.007 Han Kehua, Ren Xi, Zhou Mi, et al. Study on the characteristics parameters optimization experiment with measurement method for high voltage pulsed power capacitor[J]. Explosive Materials, 2011, 40(3): 22-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2011.03.007
[10]	Chen Y J. Compact, repetitive Marx generator and HPM generation with the vircator[D]. Lubbock: Texas Tech University, 2005.
[11]	Kekez M M. A compact square waveform 15 kJ generator: 15 ns risetime, 7.5 Ω load impedance and 100-500 ns pulse width[C]//PPPS-2001 Pulsed Power Plasma Science 2001. 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science and 13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference. Digest of Papers. 2001: 1027-1030.
[12]	Hammon J, Lam S K, Pomeroy S. A transportable 500 kV, high average power modulator with pulse length adjustable from 100 ns to 500 ns[C]//Proceedings of 1996 International Power Modulator Symposium. IEEE, 1996: 157-160.
[13]	Su Jiancang, Zhang Xibo, Liu Guozhi, et al. A long-pulse generator based on tesla transformer and pulse-forming network[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2009, 37(10): 1954-1958. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2009.2025278
[14]	张喜波, 苏建仓, 王利民, 等. 电容加载平板传输线型PFN理论与实验研究[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2009, 21(4):591-594. (Zhang Xibo, Su Jiancang, Wang Limin, et al. Theoretical and experimental study of PFN based on capacitor-loaded plate transmission line[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2009, 21(4): 591-594 Zhang Xibo, Su Jiancang, Wang Limin, et al. Theoretical and experimental study of PFN based on capacitor-loaded plate transmission line[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2009, 21(4): 591-594
[15]	Turnbull S M, Koutsoubis J M, MacGregor S J. Development of a high voltage, high PRF PFN Marx generator[C]//Conference Record of the Twenty-Third International Power Modulator Symposium. Rancho Mirage: IEEE, 1998: 213-216.
[16]	Turnbull S M, MacGregor S J, Harrower J A. A PFN Marx generator based on high-voltage transmission lines[J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 2000, 11(4): N51-N55. doi: 10.1088/0957-0233/11/4/401
[17]	McDonald K F, Slenes K. Compact modulator for high power microwave systems[C]//Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium. 2006: 397-400.
[18]	Heffernan L K. A fast, 3 MV Marx generator for megavolt oil switch testing and integrated Abramyan network design[D]. University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.
[19]	Abramyan E A, Altercop B A, Kuleshov G D. Microsecond intensive E-beams[C]//1977 2nd International Topical Conference on Electron Beam Research & Technology. IEEE, 1977: 743-754.
[20]	Abramyan E A, Efimov E N, Kuleshov G D. Energy recovery and power stabilization of pulsed electron beams in Marx generator circuits[C]//1977 2nd International Topical Conference on Electron Beam Research & Technology. IEEE, 1977:755-760.
[21]	张江华. 近方波Marx发生器及其触发开关的研究[D]. 长沙: 国防科技大学, 2011 Zhang Jianghua. Research of rectangular pulse Marx generator and triggered-gap switch[D]. Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2011
[22]	Neuber A A, Chen Y J, Dickens J C, et al. A compact, repetitive, 500 kV, 500 J, Marx generator[C]//2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference. IEEE, 2005: 1203-1206.
[23]	Adler R J, Gilbrech J A, Price D T. A modular PFN Marx with a unique charging system and feedthrough[C]//2009 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference. IEEE, 2009: 1201-1206.
[24]	Gundersen M, Dickens J, Nunnally W. Compact, portable pulsed power: physics and applications[C]//Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference. IEEE, 2003: 9-12.
[25]	Mankowski J, Chen Y, Dickens J, et al. A low-cost metallic cathode for a vircator HPM source[C]//2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference. IEEE, 2005: 66-69.
[26]	Giesselmann M, McHale B. Rapid capacitor charger for 10 Hz operation of a low-inductance compact Marx generator[C]//2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference. IEEE, 2005: 1184-1187.
[27]	Walter J, Dickens J, Kristiansen M. Performance of a compact triode vircator and Marx generator system[C]//2009 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference. IEEE, 2009: 133-137.
[28]	Walterx J, Dickens J, Kristiansen M. An “energy efficient” vircator-based HPM system[C]//2011 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference. IEEE, 2011: 658-661.
[29]	Taylor M B, Kelly P M, Parson J M, et al. Operation of a 500 kV, 4 kA Marx generator at 500 Hz rep-rate[C]//2014 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC). IEEE, 2014: 377-379.
[30]	Parson J M, Lynn C F, Bragg J W B, et al. Rep-rate operation of a 300 kV, high-power microwave sealed-tube vircator[C]//2014 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC). IEEE, 2014: 326-328.
[31]	Barnett D H, Rainwater K, Dickens J C, et al. 160 J, 100 HZ repetition rate, compact Marx generator and high power microwave system[C]//2017 IEEE 21st International Conference on Pulsed Power (PPC). IEEE, 2017: 1-3.
[32]	Barnett D H, Rainwater K, Dickens J C, et al. A reflex triode system with multicavity adjustment[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2019, 47(2): 1472-1476. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2019.2891046
[33]	Park S S, Heo H, Choi O L, et al. Repetitive test of PFN Marx for pulse generator[C]//28th IEEE Power Modulator Symposium, Las Vegas. 2008.
[34]	Mayes J R, Mayes M G, Lara M B. A novel Marx generator topology design for low source impedance[C]//2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference. IEEE, 2005: 684-687.
[35]	Mayes J R, Hatfield C W. Development of a sequentially switched Marx generator for HPM loads[C]//2009 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference. IEEE, 2009: 934-937.
[36]	Nunnally C, Mayes J R, Hatfield C W, et al. Design and performance of an ultra-compact 1.8-kJ, 600-kV pulsed power system[C]//2009 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference. IEEE, 2009: 930-933.
[37]	Nunnally C, Lara M, Mayes J R, et al. A compact 700-kV erected pulse forming network for HPM applications[C]//2011 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference. IEEE, 2011: 1372-1376.
[38]	宋法伦, 李飞, 龚海涛, 等. 高功率重复频率Marx型脉冲功率源小型化技术研究进展[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2018, 30:020201. (Song Falun, Li Fei, Gong Haitao, et al. Research progress on miniaturization of high power repetition frequency Marx type pulse power source[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2018, 30: 020201 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201830.170337 Song Falun, Li Fei, Gong Haitao, et al. Research progress on miniaturization of high power repetition frequency Marx type pulse power source[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2018, 30: 020201 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201830.170337
[39]	秦风, 宋法伦, 甘延青, 等. 模块化低阻抗紧凑型Marx发生器[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2012, 24(4):907-911. (Qin Feng, Song Falun, Gan Yanqing, et al. Compact low-impedance Marx generator[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2012, 24(4): 907-911 doi: 10.3788/HPLPB20122404.0907 Qin Feng, Song Falun, Gan Yanqing, et al. Compact low-impedance Marx generator[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2012, 24(4): 907-911 doi: 10.3788/HPLPB20122404.0907
[40]	宋法伦, 金晓, 李飞, 等. 20GW紧凑Marx型重复频率脉冲驱动源研制进展[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2017, 29:020101. (Song Falun, Jin Xiao, Li Fei, et al. Progress on 20 GW compact repetitive Marx generator development[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2017, 29: 020101 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201729.160510 Song Falun, Jin Xiao, Li Fei, et al. Progress on 20 GW compact repetitive Marx generator development[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2017, 29: 020101 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201729.160510
[41]	Tewari S V, Umbarkar S B, Agarwal R, et al. Development and analysis of PFN based compact Marx generator using finite integration technique for an antenna load[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2013, 41(10): 2684-2690. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2013.2279483
[42]	Lassalle F, Morell A, Loyen A, et al. Development and test of a 400-kV PFN Marx with compactness and rise time optimization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2018, 46(10): 3313-3319. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2018.2837344
[43]	刘宏伟. 紧凑型低阻抗准方波Marx发生器技术研究[D]. 北京: 中国工程物理研究院, 2017 Liu Hongwei. Investigation of a compact low impedance Marx generator with quasi rectangular pulse output[D]. Beijing: China Academy of Engineering Physics, 2017
[44]	李志强, 杨建华, 张建德, 等. 固态化脉冲形成网络Marx脉冲发生器[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2014, 26:065004. (Li Zhiqiang, Yang Jianhua, Zhang Jiande, et al. Solid state pulsed forming network Marx generator[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2014, 26: 065004 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201426.065004 Li Zhiqiang, Yang Jianhua, Zhang Jiande, et al. Solid state pulsed forming network Marx generator[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2014, 26: 065004 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201426.065004
[45]	李志强, 杨建华, 张建德, 等. 紧凑重频PFN-Marx脉冲发生器[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2016, 28:015013. (Li Zhiqiang, Yang Jianhua, Zhang Jiande, et al. A compact repetitive PFN-Marx generator[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2016, 28: 015013 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201628.015013 Li Zhiqiang, Yang Jianhua, Zhang Jiande, et al. A compact repetitive PFN-Marx generator[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2016, 28: 015013 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201628.015013
[46]	Zhang Haoran, Li Zhiqiang, Zhang Zicheng, et al. Investigation on the generation of high voltage quasi-square pulses with a specific two-node PFN-Marx circuit[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2020, 91: 024702. doi: 10.1063/1.5126760
[47]	Zhang Haoran, Shu Ting, Liu Shifei, et al. A compact modular 5 GW pulse PFN-Marx generator for driving HPM source[J]. Electronics, 2021, 10: 545. doi: 10.3390/electronics10050545