Design and experiment of Hopkinson bar electromagnetic loading system
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摘要: 设计一种电磁加载系统应用于分离式霍普金森杆实验装置，能够克服传统气压驱动的缺点，达到精确控制入射应力波的目的。通过对电磁加载技术的调研，了解不同加载方式的电压等级，确定低压加载方式；构建系统等效RLC回路，推导回路参数与入射应力波的函数关系。结合理论计算，利用有限元软件进行耦合场仿真，仿真发现放电线圈匝数对入射应力波的幅频特性影响较大，同时为了保证电磁能量的利用效率，需要保证感应线圈的厚度大于磁渗透深度，最后根据实验要求确定电磁加载系统各参数。按照加载系统参数搭建实验平台，进行霍普金森杆冲击实验，通过对入射应力波的测量，验证了理论计算及软件仿真的正确性。Abstract: An electromagnetic loading system is designed to be applied to a separate Hopkinson rod experimental device. It can overcome the shortcomings of traditional pneumatic drive and achieve the purpose of accurately controlling the incident stress. The low-voltage loading method is determined through the investigation of electromagnetic loading technology, then the system equivalent RLC loop is constructed, and the functional relationship between the loop parameters and the incident stress wave is derived. Combining theoretical calculation results, using finite element software for coupling field simulation, the simulation shows that the number of turns of the active coil has a great impact on the pulse width and amplitude of the incident stress. At the same time, to ensure the utilization efficiency of electromagnetic energy, it is necessary to ensure that the thickness of the inductive coil is greater than the depth of magnetic penetration, and determine the parameters of the electromagnetic loading system according to the experimental requirements. An experimental platform was built to carry out the Hopkinson bar impact experiment, and the correctness of the theoretical calculation and software simulation was verified through the measurement of the incident stress.
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图 2 放电回路电路图以及等效电路图
Figure 2. Circuit diagram of discharge circuit and equivalent circuit
图 6 感应线圈厚度对入射应力波的影响
Figure 6. Influence of induction coil thickness on incident stress
表 1 应力波上升时间及幅值
Table 1. Rise time and amplitude of stress
Uc/V incident stress amplitude/MPa rise time/μs 200 12.89 150 400 51.84 150 600 116.85 150 800 207.92 150 1000 325.04 150 
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表 2 仿真结果
Table 2. Results of simulation
thickness/mm incident stress amplitude/MPa rise time/μs 1 108.36 139 2 116.91 150 3 117.63 150 4 117.62 150 5 112.73 153
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