Cold test and beam commissioning of China’s first homemade alternating-phase-focused drift tube linac
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摘要: 质子直线注入器是质子治癌系统的重要组成部分。出于项目进度的考虑，上海先进质子治癌示范装置APTRON采用了进口自美国的直线注入器。为了加快质子治癌产业进程，掌握质子放疗关键技术，保证产业链安全可控，注入器团队研发了国产医用质子直线注入器。该直线注入器采用了电子回旋共振（ECR）离子源和四翼型射频四极加速器（RFQ）的技术方案，并在漂移管加速器（DTL）段创新性地采用了交变相位聚焦（APF）结构。在这个过程中，通过研究APF DTL的束流运动规律和设计思想，自主开发了APF DTL的底层物理设计软件，相继完成了物理设计、电磁设计、机械设计、加工建造、腔体冷测、高频老练和载束实验等多个阶段的工作，最终成功引出了7 MeV、7 mA的质子束流。经过束诊系统的测量分析，认定束流中心能量为6.975 MeV，动量分散在±0.35%以内的束流流强为6.07 mA。成为国产首台医用质子直线注入器和首个实现成功载束的APF加速腔。Abstract: Linac injector is a major sub-system of the proton therapy facility. Due to schedule consideration, the Shanghai advance proton therapy facility APTRON uses a linac injector made by ACCSYS in California, USA. Now, we have developed a linac injector made up of Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source and 4-vane Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ), as well as alternating-phase-focused (APF) Drift Tube Linac (DTL), which is a significant technological innovation. During the last 5 years, we have finished a series of R&D stage including physical design, electromagnetic design, mechanical design, assembly and alignment, cavity cold test, RF conditioning and beam commissioning. Finally, we get 7 mA, 7 MeV proton beam from the down stream Faraday cup. According to the measurement of our beam diagnostic and analysis system, the center energy of the beam is 6.975 MeV, the beam intensity within ±0.35% momentum spread is 6.07 mA.
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Key words:
- proton therapy /
- linac injector /
- alternating phase focusing /
- drift tube linac /
- cavity cold test
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图 1 上海先进质子治癌示范装置APTRON示意图，该示意图没有第5、6治疗终端
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of Shanghai advance proton therapy facility APTRON, except the 5th and 6th treatment room
图 2 APF设计软件的基本逻辑框图
Figure 2. Logical diagram of alternating-phase-focused (APF) design code
图 5 CST模拟电场（绿色）与网络分析仪实测电场（蓝色）的对比
Figure 5. Comparison between CST simulated electric field (green) and network analyzer measured electric field (blue), the consistency index of integral field under this situation is 0.0296
图 6 调试中的质子直线注入器和束诊系统
Figure 6. Linac injector and beam diagnostic system in commissioning
图 7 理想粒子初始相位与最终能量的关系
Figure 7. Relation between initial phase and final energy of ideal particle
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