固体绝缘子的真空沿面闪络研究

何友辉; 陈洪斌; 李飞; 宋法伦

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202335.220214

固体绝缘子的真空沿面闪络研究

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202335.220214

何友辉^{1, 2,},
陈洪斌²,
李飞²,
宋法伦^2, ,

1.
中国工程物理研究院研究生院，四川绵阳 621900
2.
中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所，四川绵阳 621999

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(51907182)

详细信息

作者简介:
何友辉，heyouhui20@gscaep.ac.cn

通讯作者:
宋法伦，songfalun@caep.cn

中图分类号: TM214
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-15
- 修回日期: 2022-11-17
- 录用日期: 2022-11-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-01

Review of surface flashover and surface charge behavior of vacuum insulators

He Youhui^{1, 2
,},
Chen Hongbin²,
Li Fei²,
Song Falun^{2
, ,}

1.
Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900
2.
Institute of Applied Electronics, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, China

摘要

摘要: 针对在高压设备中因沿面闪络现象而发生绝缘失效的问题，对沿面闪络现象中的基础特性测量手段、影响因素及其发生机制等关键问题进行了归纳总结，介绍了目前关于沿面闪络观测手段及其影响因素研究的主要进展,并对沿面闪络过程的具体机制以及表面电荷在沿面闪络过程中扮演的作用进行讨论。其中，外在因素、电极-介质界面层因素以及真空-介质表面层因素等三大类因素在影响沿面闪络的同时也对表面电荷积聚消散造成影响，其具体机制各不相同。在沿面闪络的主流机制中，SEEA理论较完整地阐述了沿面闪络的起始过程，ETPR理论则对沿面闪络的发展过程有着更好的解释。此外，表面电荷为沿面闪络发生提供了必要电荷，其积累与消散行为对沿面闪络发展起着决定性作用。开发能够实现低二次电子发射系数与高表面电导的绝缘材料及表面改性技术将是该领域未来重点研究方向。
- 沿面闪络 /
- 表面电荷 /
- 二次电子雪崩发射 /
- 电子极化松弛
Abstract: Aiming at the insulation failure caused by surface flashover phenomenon in high voltage equipment, this paper summarizes the key issues such as basic characteristic measurement means, influencing factors and occurrence mechanism of surface flashover phenomenon. In this paper, the main research progress of surface flashover observation methods and their influencing factors are introduced, and the specific mechanism of surface flashover process and the role of surface charge in the process of surface flashover are discussed. Among them, the external factors, the electrode - medium interface layer factor and the vacuum - medium surface layer factor affect the surface flashover as well as the surface charge accumulation and dissipation, and the specific mechanism is different. In the mainstream mechanism of surface flashover, the SEEA theory has a complete description of the initial process of surface flashover, while the ETPR theory has a better explanation of the development process of surface flashover. In addition, surface charge provides the necessary charge for the generation of flashover along the surface, and its accumulation and dissipation play a decisive role in the development of flashover along the surface. Developing insulating materials with low secondary electron emission coefficient and high surface conductance and surface modification technology will be the key research direction in this field in the future.
- surface flashover /
- surface charge /
- secondary electron avalanche emission /
- electron polarization relaxation

HTML全文

图 1 不同处理条件下稳态发光特性测量装置及结果

Figure 1. Steady-state luminous characteristics measurement device and result under different treatment conditions

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图 2 二次电子发射系数测试装置以及结果

Figure 2. Secondary electron emission coefficient test device and results

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图 3 气体压强与距离乘积对氧化铝陶瓷闪络电压的影响^[1]

Figure 3. Relationship of Al₂O₃ flashover voltage and the production of pressure and distance^[1]

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图 4 不同材料在不同电压波形下的闪络^[12-14]

Figure 4. Flashover voltages of materials under different voltage wave-forms^[12-14]

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图 5 不同温度下的圆柱形聚乙烯绝缘子闪络电压^[15]

Figure 5. Cylinder polystyrene flashover voltages on different temperature^[15]

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图 6 阴极三结合点处等位线分布

Figure 6. Distribution of equipotential line in CTJ

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图 7 不同绝缘子平均表面粗糙度与闪络电压关系^[24]

Figure 7. Relationship between average surface roughness of different insulators and the flashover voltage ^[24]

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图 8 常见绝缘子表面形状

Figure 8. Common insulator surface shapes

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图 9 圆柱形绝缘子倾角与闪络电压关系^[27]

Figure 9. Cylindrical insulator inclination angle vs flashover voltage^[27]

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图 10 SEEA模型中沿面闪络发展过程示意图^[33]

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of the development process of flashovers along the surface in the SEEA model^[33]

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图 11 电子极化松弛模型示意图^[34]

Figure 11. Schematic of an electron polarization relaxation model^34]

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图 12 不同预击穿时间延迟下的绝缘子闪络电场^[33]

Figure 12. Insulator flashover electric field with different pre-breakdown time delays^[33]

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图 13 脉冲电压下表面电荷对闪络电压的影响

Figure 13. Effect of surface charge on the flashover voltage under the pulse voltage

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图 14 直流电压下表面电荷极性对闪络电压的影响^[41]

Figure 14. Influence of surface charge polarity on flashover voltage at DC voltage^[41]

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图 15 表面电荷的三种积聚途径

Figure 15. Three ways of surface charges accumulation

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表 1 不同沿面闪络理论的实验证据^[36]

Table 1. Experimental evidence for different along-surface flashover theory^[36]

theory	support	against
SEEA	effects of nanosecond pulse flashover, desorption gas, magnetic field and secondary electron emission coefficient on surface flashover	DC flashover has a delay of several nanoseconds
ETPR	DC flashover, desorption gas, effect of mechanical properties of insulators and flashover caused by charged particle bombardment	flashover phenomenon at nanosecond pulse voltage

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