Full-wave modeling method for high-frequency electromagnetic disturbances coupling to transmission lines
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摘要: 对于场线耦合问题，经典传输线理论不适用于求解高频电磁干扰辐照下传输线负载上的电压和电流响应。针对这一问题，首先介绍了一种基于天线理论和模拟行为建模（ABM）的时域全波建模方法。该方法利用Harrington矩量法将电流积分方程离散并推导得到宏模型时域表达式，然后利用ABM频域功能实现频变参数的傅里叶逆变换和时域卷积计算。利用电路求解器，该建模方法可直接求解任意结构传输线耦合的负载处瞬态响应；与传统全波算法相比，模型一旦建立便可应用于任意入射场和线性/非线性负载的情况，无需重复耗时地求解电流积分方程。该方法可简化全波算法求解过程，提高仿真计算效率，尤其便于在入射场和负载存在不确定参数时进行高效重复抽样计算以获得统计特性。然后以高频电磁干扰耦合有损大地上的双导体传输线为例，通过与数值电磁代码和传统传输线理论方法的求解结果对比，验证了所提宏模型的有效性以及传输线理论在解决场线耦合问题时的局限性。结果表明，基于全波方法构建的宏模型可在时域内高效准确地求解高频电磁干扰辐照下任意形状传输线负载上的瞬态响应。Abstract: For field-to-line coupling problems, the classical transmission line theory is not applicable to obtain voltage/current responses on transmission lines irradiated by high-frequency electromagnetic disturbances. To solve this problem, a time-domain full-wave modeling method based on antenna theory and analog behavior modeling (ABM) is proposed. The Harrington method of moment is utilized to discretize the current integral equation and derive time-domain expression of the macromodel. Then, the inverse Fourier transform and time-domain convolution of the frequency-dependent parameters in the expression are realized by frequency domain function module (FREQ) of ABM. With embedding into the circuit solver, the model can directly solve the responses of high-frequency electromagnetic disturbances coupling to transmission lines with different structures above lossy ground. Compared with the traditional full-wave algorithms, the model can be applied to any circumstances of incident field and linear/nonlinear loads, and there is no need to solve the current integral equation repeatedly with time-consuming methods. The proposed method can simplify the process of the full-wave algorithm and improve the efficiency of simulation calculation. It is especially convenient to obtain statistical characteristics by performing efficient repeated simulations when the incident field and load are with uncertain parameters. Finally, taking the high frequency electromagnetic field coupling to two-conductor transmission lines above lossy ground as an example, the validity of the proposed macromodel and the limitation of the transmission line theory are verified by comparing the results with those of numerical electromagnetic code and traditional transmission line theory method. The results reveal that the macromodel based on the full-wave method can efficiently and accurately acquire the transient responses on transmission lines with any structure irradiated by high frequency electromagnetic disturbances in the time domain.
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图 1 电磁干扰辐照下非理想平面上的多导体传输线示意图
Figure 1. Diagram of electromagnetic disturbances coupling to multi-conductor transmission lines above lossy plane
图 2 瞬态分析时ABM频域器件的具体计算流程
Figure 2. Calculation process of ABM frequency-domain models during transient analysis
图 3 高频电磁干扰对传输线耦合的等效电路模型(单根线)
Figure 3. Equivalent circuit of high frequency electromagnetic disturbances coupling to transmission lines (single-conductor)
图 4 流过首末端负载的电流响应
Figure 4. Induced currents flowing through loads at the near and far ends
图 6 远端非线性负载的电压和电流响应
Figure 6. Induced voltage and current responses of nonlinear load at the far end
表 1 计算时间比较
Table 1. Comparison of computation time
method computation time/s NEC 603.08 TL macromodel 9.02 MoM macromodel 8.19 
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