Development of miniature pseudo-spark switch
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摘要: 伪火花开关是脉冲功率领域关键器件之一，具有脉冲电流大、电压范围宽、寿命长及可靠性高等优点。针对整机系统小型化发展的需要，开展新型小体积伪火花开关研制，创新性地将触发针引入空心阴极内部，实现辉光放电电子源注入，该设计减小伪火花开关的体积，并通过制管及实验验证设计合理性。测试结果表明，该产品的阳极工作电压范围为0.5～10 kV，最大阳极脉冲电流40 kA；在36 kA脉冲电流情况下，工作2万余次并未发现性能下降；该样品已通过高温、低温、温循、振动等可靠性试验考核。Abstract: Pseudo-spark switch, with the advantages of large pulse current, wide operating voltage, long life expectancy and high reliability, is one of the key devices in the field of pulse power technology. To meet the miniaturized development requirement in the complete machine, the miniature pseudo-spark switch has been developed. The electron source is injected by introducing the trigger needle into the hollow cathode innovatively in order to achieve glow discharge. Through this physical design the volume of the pseudo-spark switch has been decreased as well as the design rationality has been verified by producing and testing the pseudo-spark switch. The test results indicate that the anode working voltage is ranged from 500 V to 10 kV and the anode pulse current is 40 kA. Under the condition that the anode pulse current is 36 kA, no sign of performance decline has been found after more than 20000 times of work. The sample has passed the reliability test of high temperature, low temperature, temperature cycle and vibration.
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Key words:
- miniature /
- pseudo-spark switch /
- pulse power technology /
- trigger needle /
- reliability tests
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图 1 伪火花开关典型结构及伪火花放电电压等势线分布图
Figure 1. Typical structure of pseudo-spark switch & voltage equipotential distribution diagram of pseudo-spark discharge
图 2 新型小体积伪火花开关示意图、等势线分布图及常规单间隙伪火花开关结构示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of miniature pseudo-spark switch and equipotential distribution diagram of the cusp and schematic diagram of conventional single-gap pseudo-spark switch
图 3 常规伪火花开关和新型小体积伪火花开关对比
Figure 3. Comparison between conventional pseudo-spark switch and miniature pseudo-spark switch
图 6 新型小体积伪火花开关的放电波形
Figure 6. Discharge waveform plot of miniature pseudo-spark switch
图 7 峰值正向阳极电压与阳极脉冲电流峰值的关系曲线
Figure 7. Diagram of the relationship between forward anode voltage and peak anode pulse current
图 8 阳极着火延迟时间分布图（Ua=8 kV；Ia=36 kA）
Figure 8. The distribution plot of anode current delay time
表 1 新型小体积伪火花开关和常规单间隙伪火花开关参数对比表
Table 1. Comparison between miniature pseudo-spark switch and conventional pseudo-spark switch
peak forward anode voltage (max)/kV peak anode current/kA hydrogen reservoir size miniature pseudo-spark switch 25 40 no ϕ25 mm×30 mm conventional pseudo-spark switch 40 80 yes ϕ114 mm×87.6 mm 
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表 2 新型小体积伪火花开关实验测试数据
Table 2. Experimental data of miniature pseudo-spark switch
peak forward anode voltage/kV peak anode current/kA delay time/ns 2 8.4 245 3 13.3 250 4 17.9 268 5 22.8 247 6 27.6 245 7 31.8 266 8 36.0 275 9 39.9 252
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表 3 新型小体积伪火花开关可靠性试验的内容
Table 3. Reliability test of miniature pseudo-spark switch
items conditions and requirements results high temperature storage non-working state; T=55 ℃; t=48 h;
recovery time: ≥2 h.Ua=9 kV, Ia=40 kA; once/30 s, 10 times,
no breakdown, no coronalow temperature storage non-working state; T=−40 ℃; t=24 h;
recovery time: ≥2 h.Ua=9 kV, Ia=40 kA; once/30 s, 10 times,
no breakdown, no coronatemperature cycle non-working state; T1=−40 ℃, t1=2 h;
T2=55 ℃, t2=2 h; shift time≤5 min;
N=3; recovery time :12 h.Ua=9 kV, Ia=40 kA; once/30 s,
10 times, no breakdown, no coronasweep frequency vibration Ua=14 kV, PSD: 0.15 g2/Hz, t=10 min,
once for axial and radial.no breakdown, no corona
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表 4 新型小体积伪火花开关、小型触发管及小型氢闸流管性能比较表
Table 4. Comparison between miniature pseudo-spark switch, trigger tube and miniature thyratron
peak forward anode voltage/
self-breakdown voltage/kVminimum operate
voltage/kVpeak anode
current/kAminimum trigger
voltage/kVdelay
time/nsminiature pseudo-spark switch 10 0.5 40 0.2 280 RQ-10 trigger tube 11 6 32 4.5 − ZQM-9901 thyratron 10 0.5 0.2 0.18 350 hot cathode life/times size (mm×mm) total height/mm draw ability of
reverse currentminiature pseudo-spark switch no ＞20000 ϕ25 mm ×30 mm 53 yes RQ-10 trigger tube no 1000 ϕ36.2 mm ×32.5 mm 36 yes ZQM-9901 thyratron yes − ϕ25 mm ×53 mm 79 no
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