Microfluidic plasma: novel process intensification technique
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摘要:
作为一种新型高效的过程强化技术，微流控等离子体具备微流控及等离子体技术优势，能够提高反应过程的均一性及稳定性，控制反应接触界面，在增加活性物质的密度的同时避免物种的快速猝灭。介绍了微流控等离子体中的活性组分及相应的表征手段，归纳了几种反应器结构并对比了优缺点。系统阐述了微流控等离子体过程强化技术在化学合成、表面改性、材料制备、污染物检测和生物医学领域中的应用，并立足于当前研究现状对该技术的发展趋势进行讨论与展望。
Abstract:Microfluidic plasma is a new process intensification strategy that combines the advantages of both microfluidic and plasma techniques. It can improve the uniformity and stability of the reaction process, control the reaction contact interface, and avoid rapid quenching of the species while increasing density of the active substances. This work summarizes representative radicals existed in microfluidic plasma and the relevant characterization techniques. Then, the microfluidic plasmas are classified into three categories based on the characteristic structure of the reactors. Afterwards, selective examples are given to demonstrate typical applications of the microfluidic plasma process intensification strategy, such as chemical synthesis, surface modification, nanomaterials preparation, contaminant detection, and biomedical purpose. Finally, the development trend of this technique is prospected.
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Key words:
- microfluidic plasma /
- process intensification /
- microfluidic /
- plasma /
- nanomaterial
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图 1 氩气/湿空气等离子体活性物质在气、液及其界面传输示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of argon/wet air plasma active substance transmission in gas, liquid and their interfaces
图 3 喷枪式微流控等离子体反应器示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of spray gun microfluidic plasma reactor
图 5 微流控等离子体表面改性典例
Figure 5. Typical example of microfluidic plasma surface modification
图 6 微流控等离子体制备纳米材料典例
Figure 6. Typical example of nanomaterials prepared by microfluidic plasma
图 7 微流控等离子体生物医学处理典例
Figure 7. Typical examples of microfluidic plasma biomedical treatment
表 1 微流控等离子体中常见的活性物种、检测方法和生成机理
Table 1. Typical reactive species, analytical methods, and formation mechanisms in microfluidic plasma
type condition detection method detection mechanism references H He/H2O(g) EPR
spin trapping with isotopesH2O+e*→OH+H+e [31] OH He/H2O(g) MBMS/CRCRDS
phenol probe methodH+HO2→OH+OH
O+H2O→2OH
e−+H2O→e-+OH+H[28]
[31]O He/O2 OES/TALIF
MBMS/ TALIFe+O2→O*2+e
O*+O2→O*+O[32]
[33]N He/O2 OES/TALIF N2+e→N++N+2e [34] N2+ He/N2 PIC/MCC e−+He→e−+e−+He+
e−+N2→e−+e−+N2+[29] O3 He/O2 OES/TALIF O+O2+He→O3+He [35] O+ He/O2 OES/TALIF e+O2→O++O+2e [36] O* He/O2 IR e+O2→O*2+e
O*2+O3→2O2+O*[37] NO He/O2/N2 LIF N+O2→NO+O
N2+O→NO+N[30] H2O2 He/O2 EPR
isotope notatione−+H2O→e−+OH+H
OH+OH+He→H2O2+He[38] 
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