Study of electron beam focusing performance of ferromagnetic material loaded compound pipe shell
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摘要: 大功率行波管通常利用复合管壳提升高频系统的集成度和散热特性。宽带行波管采用复合管壳高频制造工艺时，由于加载翼片含有铁磁性材料（纯铁）使得聚焦系统的横向磁场分量变大，径向和角向磁场分量呈非均匀性，电子注聚焦困难。本文研究了周期永磁聚焦系统横向磁场产生的原因并建立理论模型，并对磁场分量和其对电子注形态的影响进行了仿真，仿真结果与理论计算结果一致。根据横向磁场分布模型对加载翼片的形状和数量进行优化仿真，结果表明9片齿形加载翼片方案可在保持慢波电路参数的同时，降低聚焦系统的横向磁场分量，改善电子注聚焦效果。Abstract: High power traveling wave tubes (TWTs) usually use compound pipe shells to enhance the integration and heat dissipation characteristics of high frequency system. When broadband TWT adopts the compound pipe shell high frequency manufacturing process, the vane load contains ferromagnetic material (pure iron), which makes the transverse magnetic field component of the focusing system become larger, radial and angular magnetic field components being non-homogeneous, resulting in the difficulty of electron beam focusing. This paper studies the causes of transverse magnetic field generation in periodic permanent magnet (PPM) focusing system and establishes theoretical model and simulates the transverse magnetic field component’s effect on the morphology of electron beam. The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical model. The optimized combination of shape and number of vanes based on the theoretical model shows that the 9 tooth-shaped loaded vanes can maintain slow-wave circuit parameters while reducing transverse magnetic field component of the focusing system, improving the focusing performance of electron beam.
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图 2 电子在极靴平面的受力和速度
Figure 2. Force and velocity of the electron in the plane of pole piece
图 5 T形翼片复合管壳PPM聚焦的电子注投影
Figure 5. Electron beam projection focused by T-shaped loaded vane compound pipe shell PPM focusing system
图 6 磁场随加载数量变化的变化
Figure 6. Variation of magnetic field with the amount of loaded vanes
图 9 齿形加载聚焦的电子注投影
Figure 9. Electron beam projection focused by tooth-shaped loaded vane PPM focusing system
表 1 聚焦系统结构尺寸参数
Table 1. Focusing system structure parameters
inner radius/mm outer radius/mm thickness/mm pole piece 1.9 6 1 magnet 2.8 6.5 2.6 
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