Study on high-power S-band frequency-controlled microwave source based on injection locking
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摘要: 针对高功率微波源在深空通信、空间无线能量传输和高功率超导线性加速器等应用中的实时功率控制难题，提出了一种利用注入锁定频率控制输出功率的方法。从理论上分析了注入锁定频控功率源的可行性，并基于双路S波段20 kW高功率磁控管完成了注入锁定频率控制输出功率的实验。实验结果表明，当双路20 kW磁控管的自由振荡频率或注入功率不同时，双管合成的输出功率可通过注入频率实现有效控制，功率控制的范围达到了3 dB，注入锁定的带宽达到了4.0 MHz，输出频谱尖锐，无啁啾颤噪，杂散抑制比为−65.0 dBc@500 kHz。该系统合成输出功率达到了33.9 kW，系统效率约为86.6%。上述研究结果为磁控管在高功率微波领域的应用起到了重大推动作用。Abstract: The high-power microwave source does not satisfy the requirements for deep space communications, wireless power transmission systems and high-power superconducting accelerators because of the real-time power control problems. To break through such limitations, an available power control method based on injection locking is proposed. Theoretical analysis and experiment are carried out to prove the performance of the proposed frequency-controlled microwave source based on dual 20 kW S-band high power magnetrons. The experiment results show that the real-time power control combining via the injecting frequency is achieved, when the injection power or free-running frequency of magnetron is unequal. Simultaneously, the system shows an output power control range of 3.0 dB, a nearly 4.0 MHz injection-locking bandwidth, and a sharp spectrum with an excellent spur suppression ratio of −65.0 dBc@500 kHz. The highest combining power output of 33.9 kW with the system efficiency of 86.6% is also proved. Such researches play an important role in the development of high-power microwave applications.
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Key words:
- magnetron /
- power combining /
- high power /
- efficiency /
- power control
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图 3 20 kW等功率合成电场分布图
Figure 3. E-field distributions of H-T power combiner under 20 kW power signals excitation
图 4 S波段注入锁定频控功率源原理框图
Figure 4. Diagram of the S-band frequency-controlled microwave source based on injection locking
图 5 不同情况下频控功率源的测试结果
Figure 5. Results of the frequency-controlled microwave source measurement at different states
图 6 频控功率源在不同状态下的输出频谱图(RBW: 50 kHz, VBW: 50 kHz, SPAN: 15 MHz)
Figure 6. Spectrums of the frequency-controlled microwave source output at different states (RBW: 50 kHz, VBW: 50 kHz, SPAN: 15 MHz)
表 1 磁控管的两种初始状态
Table 1. The original states of magnetrons
state free-running
frequency
ω/GHzoutput power
Pmag/kWincident power
of H-T combiner
PH-T/kWcoupling
power
Pξ/Wmutual injection-locking
frequency
ωfinal/GHzoutput
power
Ptotal/kWcombining
efficiency
ηc/%state 1 2.4475 19.9 18.1 107.9 2.4465 32.1 89.4 2.4480 19.3 17.8 156.0 state 2 2.4470 17.4 15.8 200.0 2.4460 25.9 82.4 2.4482 17.6 15.6 183.5 
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