Self-breakdown stability of gas switch based on high-energy runaway electron mechanism
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摘要: 为实现脉冲驱动源气体主开关的精确控制技术，研制了基于电晕稳定机理的气体触发开关，并对稳定电晕放电过程以及高能逃逸电子对击穿稳定性的影响进行分析，揭示了抑制高能逃逸电子产生有助于增加气体开关自击穿稳定性的机制。从气体介质和电场条件两个方面进行实验研究，对比该型气体开关的自击穿稳定性，实验结果表明：在气压0.06 MPa至0.56 MPa范围内，气体开关充15%SF6/N2混合气体，其自击穿离散度不超过6%，最低可达1.4%；当SF6/N2混合气体内的电负性气体占比小于30%时，气体开关的自击穿电压离散度保持在2%~4%范围内；在充电电压小于
1800 V范围内，改变间隙内电场的时域变化速度，可降低自击穿电压的离散度，当电压上升速度为12.4 kV/μs时，自击穿电压为242 kV，离散度为0.2%；在0.3 MPa的15%SF6/N2混合气体内，降低触发极尖端的场不均匀系数，击穿稳定性未得到明显改善，但是在电场时域变化速度增加时，自击穿电压离散度依然可以保持在1%以下；利用沟槽型触发极代替楔形触发极，击穿电压离散度最低可达0.15%，且击穿电压稳定在248 kV附近。-
关键词:
- 逃逸电子 /
- 电晕稳定触发开关 /
- SF6/N2混合气体放电 /
- 不均匀场 /
- 脉冲功率技术
Abstract: To achieve precise control of the main triggered switch of the pulsed power source, a triggered gas switch based on the principle of corona stabilization was developed. The process of stabilized corona discharge and the influence of high-energy runaway electrons on the stability of breakdown were analyzed. This study also revealed the mechanism by which suppressing high-energy runaway electrons was beneficial in increasing the stability of gas switch self-breakdown. The experimental study was carried out from the perspectives of gas medium and E-field conditions, and the self-breakdown stability of the gas switch was compared. The self-breakdown dispersion of the gas switch filled with 15% SF6/N2 mixed gas was no more than 6% within the pressure of 0.06 MPa to 0.56 MPa, while the lowest value was 1.4%. The self-breakdown voltage dispersion remained within the range of 2%-4% when the electrically negative gas content in the SF6/N2 mixed gas was less than 30%. Within the charging voltage range of less than1800 V, by changing the time-domain variation speed of the E-field in the gap, the self-breakdown voltage dispersion could be reduced to 0.2% with the breakdown voltage of 242 kV, while the voltage on the high voltage electrode rising speed was 12.4 kV/μs. However, reducing the field non-uniform coefficient didn`t significantly improve the breakdown stability in the 15% SF6/N2 mixed gas at 0.3 MPa, but the self-breakdown voltage dispersion was still kept below 1% when the voltage rising speed increased on the high voltage electrode. By replacing the wedge-shaped trigger electrode with a groove-shaped trigger electrode, the minimum self-breakdown voltage dispersion could be as low as 0.15%, and the breakdown voltage was stabilized around 248 kV. -
图 4 不同触发极结构参数下场不均匀系数f对比
Figure 4. Comparison of the non-uniform coefficient f of different trigger electrode structure
图 5 极不均匀场下混合气体放电过程示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of mixed gas discharge process under extremely non-uniform field
图 6 开关自击穿实验平台电路原理图及开关高压极脉冲电压波形
Figure 6. Schematic of CSTS self-breakdown experiment and the charging voltage on HV electrode
图 7 15%SF6/N2混合气体中不同气压下气体开关击穿电压分布及离散度变化
Figure 7. Variation of breakdown voltage distribution and dispersion of gas switch under different pressure in 15%SF6/N2 gas mixture
图 8 15%SF6/Ar混合气体中不同气压下气体开关击穿电压分布
Figure 8. 15% breakdown voltage distribution of gas switch under different pressure in SF6/Ar gas mixture
图 9 SF6/N2中不同SF6占比对击穿电压及其离散度的影响
Figure 9. Influence of SF6 ratio on breakdown voltage and dispersion in SF6/N2 gas mixture
图 10 不同Dp下开关自击穿电压分布
Figure 10. Distribution of self-breakdown voltage under different Dp
图 11 不同U1下的平均自击穿电压及其离散变化
Figure 11. Variation of average self-breakdown voltage and dispersion under different U1
图 12 不同Dp下击穿电压离散度对电压U1的变化关系
Figure 12. Variation of the breakdown voltage dispersion with voltage U1 under different Dp
图 13 不同SF6占比下气体开关自击穿离散度随电压U1的变化
Figure 13. Variation of the breakdown voltage dispersion with voltage U1 under different SF6 proportion
图 14 SF6与N2和Ar混合气体中气体开关自击穿离散度随电压U1的变化
Figure 14. Variation of the breakdown voltage dispersion with voltage U1 in gas mixture of SF6, N2 and Ar
图 15 电晕稳定阶段高能RAEs示意图
Figure 15. Schematic diagram of high-energy RAEs during corona stabilization stage
图 16 楔形触发极和沟槽型触发极场位形结构对比
Figure 16. Comparison of E-field configuration between wedge-shaped trigger and groove-shaped trigger
图 17 沟槽型触发极20次重复频率自击穿典型波形，U1=1 300 V，Dp=5 mm
Figure 17. Typical breakdown waveform of 20 pulses of groove trigger, U1=1 300 V, Dp=5 mm
图 18 沟槽型触发极的自击穿电压及离散度随U1变化
Figure 18. Variation of the self-breakdown voltage and dispersion of the groove-shaped trigger with U1
表 1 电晕稳定触发开关主要结构参数
Table 1. Main parameters of the CSTS
main gap
length/cmlow voltage electrode
outer radius/cmlow voltage electrode
inner radius/cmmain trigger
ring radius/cmassistant trigger
ring radius/cmmain trigger
ring height/cmouter cylinder
radius/cm2.65 7.5 2 1.25 1.45 1 20 
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