电触发真空沿面闪络开关工作特性

富英杰; 董洛康; 秦沈熠; 何孟兵; 叶明天; 王真; 李正宏

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202436.240325

电触发真空沿面闪络开关工作特性

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202436.240325

1.
华中科技大学强电磁工程与新技术国家重点实验室，武汉 430000
2.
中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所，四川绵阳 621900

详细信息

作者简介:
富英杰，fuyingjie@hust.edu.cn

通讯作者:
何孟兵，pulhmb@hust.edu.cn。

中图分类号: TM89
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-13
- 修回日期: 2024-10-08
- 录用日期: 2024-10-08
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-15
- 刊出日期: 2024-11-01

Operating characteristics of electrically triggered vacuum surface flashover switch

1.
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
2.
Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China

摘要

摘要: 电触发真空沿面闪络开关(VSFS)具有高导通速度、高绝缘恢复速度、体积小、结构简单等优点，适合于高电压、高功率转换的场合。导通速度和稳定性是VSFS输出性能的重要指标，其影响因素的研究决定了VSFS的优化方向。研究了结构、材料、触发极性对真空沿面闪络开关的输出性能影响。结果表明，体式结构相较于片式结构导通速度更快、更稳定。钛酸钡介质和氮化铝介质具有稳定的脉冲击穿电压，适合作为触发介质。石英的直流耐压高，适合作为主间隙介质。正触发方式下开关的输出指标要优于负触发。
- 电触发真空沿面闪络开关 /
- 电极结构 /
- 介质材料 /
- 延迟时间 /
- 导通时间
Abstract: Electrically triggered vacuum surface flashover switch (VSFS) has the advantages of high conduction speed, high insulation recovery speed, small size and simple structure, which make them suitable for high voltage and high power conversion. Conduction speed and stability are important indicators of VSFS output performance, and the study of their influencing factors determines the optimization direction of VSFS. In this paper, the effects of structure, material, and trigger polarity on the output performance of vacuum surface flashover switch are investigated. The results show that the bulk structure has faster and more stable conduction speed compared with the chip structure. Barium titanate dielectric and aluminum nitride dielectric have stable pulse breakdown voltage and are suitable as trigger dielectric. Quartz has a high DC withstand voltage and is suitable for the main gap medium. The output index of the switch in positive triggering mode is better than in negative triggering.
- electrically triggered vacuum surface flashover switch /
- electrode structure /
- medium material /
- delay time /
- turn-on time

HTML全文

图 1 电触发真空沿面闪络开关结构

Figure 1. Electrically triggered vacuum surface flashover switch structures

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图 2 静电场仿真

Figure 2. Electrostatic field simulation

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图 3 实验平台

Figure 3. Experimental platform

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图 4 典型波形

Figure 4. Typical waveforms

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图 5 触发间隙脉冲击穿电压测试典型波形

Figure 5. Typical waveforms of trigger gap pulse breakdown voltage testing

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图 6 四种不同触发介质脉冲耐压随次数变化曲线

Figure 6. Variation curves of pulse withstand voltage with times for four different triggering media

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图 7 石英和氧化铝陶瓷的直流耐压对比

Figure 7. Comparison of DC withstand voltage between quartz and alumina ceramics

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表 1 不同开关性能参数对比结果

Table 1. Comparison of experimental results between different switch structures

	t_d/ns	t_dj/ns	t_dmax/ns	t_dmin/ns	t_on/ns	t_onj/ns	t_onmax/ns	t_onmin/ns	U_b/kV
radial chip structure S₁	176	15.1	213	136	95.9	3.49	102	85	40
axial bulk structure S₂	68.8	6.33	81.6	57.6	20.5	1.25	24.0	18.4	50

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表 2 不同触发介质开关触发间隙脉冲耐压的平均值和标准差统计

Table 2. Mean and standard deviation statistics of switch trigger gap pulse withstand voltages for different triggering media

trigger times	V_t/kV				V_tj/kV
trigger times	quartz	AlN	Si₃N₄	BaO₃Ti	quartz	AlN	Si₃N₄	BaO₃Ti
1～100	22.25	10.80	20.81	12.69	3.15	2.77	3.18	0.40
101～200	22.45	9.88	19.55	12.27	2.60	0.64	2.38	0.41
201～300	22.24	8.79	18.93	12.18	2.34	0.66	2.13	0.37
301～400	22.38	8.71	18.66	12.37	2.24	0.42	1.75	0.37
401～500	21.58	8.69	18.38	12.15	1.98	0.44	1.37	0.32
501～600	−	8.65	17.15	−	−	0.45	0.63	−
all	22.18	9.41	19.11	12.30	2.51	1.67	2.55	0.42

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表 3 不同触发极性开关工作参数对比结果(测试开关：S₂优化后)

Table 3. Performance parameters of switches with different trigger polarity (test switch: S₂ after optimization)

	t_d/ns	t_dj/ns	t_dmax/ns	t_dmin/ns	t_on/ns	t_onj/ns	t_onmax/ns	t_onmin/ns	V_t/kV
pre-optimization (negative)	176	15.1	213	136	95.9	3.49	102	85	20
post-optimization (positive)	78.78	6.06	89.5	66	23.53	0.51	24.5	22.5	2.55
post-optimization (negative)	84.71	18.04	110	50.5	24.16	1.88	30	22.5	2.64

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