15 kV爆炸开关触头开断过程研究

叶记飞; 李华; 李振瀚; 宋执权; 傅鹏

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202436.240328

15 kV爆炸开关触头开断过程研究

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202436.240328

叶记飞^{1, 2,},
李华¹,
李振瀚³,
宋执权¹,
傅鹏¹

1.
中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院等离子体研究所，合肥 230031
2.
中国科学技术大学科学岛分院，合肥 230026
3.
合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院，合肥 230009

基金项目: 国家重大科技基础设施建设“十三五”规划项目（2018-000052-73-01-001228）

详细信息

作者简介:
叶记飞，jifei.ye@ipp.ac.cn

中图分类号: TM561
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-14
- 修回日期: 2024-10-20
- 录用日期: 2024-10-20
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-19
- 刊出日期: 2024-11-01

Research on breaking process of 15 kV pyrobreaker

Ye Jifei^{1, 2
,},
Li Hua¹,
Li Zhenhan³,
Song Zhiquan¹,
Fu Peng¹

1.
Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
2.
Science Island Branch, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
3.
School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China

摘要

摘要: 超导托卡马克装置通过极高的磁场来约束高温等离子体，以实现可控核聚变反应。为了保证超导磁体的安全运行，失超保护系统中需要爆炸开关实现至关重要的后备保护。对15 kV爆炸开关中最关键的电流触头进行了建模，针对爆炸及触头开断过程进行了数值分析，计算了触头分断所需要的爆轰压力，以及爆炸产生的压力分布规律。通过试验验证了数值模拟的准确性，这为爆炸开关的理论设计提供了基础。
- 托卡马克 /
- 超导磁体 /
- 失超 /
- 爆炸开关 /
- 数值分析
Abstract: The superconducting tokamak device constrains high-temperature plasma through an extremely high magnetic field to achieve a controllable nuclear fusion reaction. To ensure the safe operation of the superconducting magnets, the quench protection system relies on pyrobreaker for critical backup protection. In this paper, the numerical model of current contacts in the 15 kV pyrobreaker has been established and the analysis is carried out for the contact breaking process. The detonation pressure required for contact separation and the pressure distribution law generated by the explosion are calculated. Furthermore, the accuracy of the numerical simulations is verified through experimental validation, providing a theoretical foundation for the design of pyrobreaker.
- tokamak /
- superconducting magnets /
- quench /
- pyrobreaker /
- numerical analysis

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图 1 失超保护系统电路示意图

Figure 1. Circuit topology of quench protection system

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图 2 爆炸开关结构

Figure 2. Structure of pyrobreaker

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图 3 电流触头仿真模型

Figure 3. Current contact simulation model

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图 4 不同时刻冲击波传播位置图

Figure 4. Shock wave propagation map at different time

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图 5 电流触头断裂过程图

Figure 5. Diagram of current contact breaking process

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图 6 单元压力时程曲线

Figure 6. Element pressure time history curve

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图 7 爆炸开关空载试验图

Figure 7. Diagram of pyrobreaker no-load test

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图 8 电流触头分断图

Figure 8. Current contact fragmentation diagram

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图 9 传感器试验波形图

Figure 9. Sensor test waveforms

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表 1 RDX材料参数

Table 1. Material parameters of RDX

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	D/(cm·µs⁻¹)	p_c-j/GPa	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E
1.63	0.839	34	581	6.8	4.1	1.0	0.35	9.0

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表 2 铜的材料参数

Table 2. Material parameters of copper

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	G₀/GPa	A/MPa	B/MPa	n	C	m
8.96	47.7	900	292	0.31	0.025	1

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表 3 钢的材料参数

Table 3. Material parameters of steel

material	C/(m·s⁻¹)	S₁	S₂	S₃	γ₀	a
steel	4569	1.49	0	0	2.17	0.46

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表 4 环氧材料参数

Table 4. Material parameters of epoxy

parameter name	value	parameter name	value	parameter name	value	parameter name	value
E₁₁	45.5 GPa	X_c	680 MPa	υ₃₁	0.206	m₁	4.0
E₂₂	12.5 GPa	Y_c	250 MPa	υ₂₃	0.206	m₂	4.0
E₃₃	12.5 GPa	Z_t	82 MPa	A_s	2.5	m₃	4.0
G₁₂	1.38 GPa	Z_c	242 MPa	B_s	0.9	m₄	4.0
G₂₃	1.38 GPa	S₁₂	75 MPa	C_s	0.37	m₅	4.0
G₃₁	1.38 GPa	S₂₃	58 MPa	A_m	1.85	m₆	4.0
X_t	1.28 GPa	S₃₁	58 MPa	B_m	0.5	m₇	4.0
Y_t	90 MPa	υ₁₂	0.25	C_m	1.3	S_c	1.2

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表 5 试验压力与数值模拟对比

Table 5. Comparison of test pressure and numerical simulation

No.	simulation pressure/MPa	test pressure/MPa	error/%
1	210	218.41	3.85
2	152.5	155.42	1.88

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