强电磁脉冲(激光、微波)在高温离解氮气中的击穿效应
Intense electromagnetic pulse induced breakdown effects in high temperature dissociated nitrogen gas
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摘要: 通过对电子能量分布函数所满足的Boltzmann方程的求解，在理论上分析了强电磁脉冲(激光、微波)在高温氮气中的击穿效应。高温气体的一个主要特征是其中的部分气体分子会离解为原子，这一离解效应会对强电磁脉冲在气体中发生电离击穿的阈值产生影响。计算表明：随着温度的升高，氮分子的离解度增大，强电磁脉冲的击穿阈值下降；击穿阈值的下降幅度与电磁波的频率有关，对频率较高的红外激光，击穿阈值下降明显；而对微波，击穿阈值所受影响较小。Abstract: A theoretical investigation on the intense electromagnetic pulse (EMP)induced breakdown process in high temperature nitrogen gas is given. The main character of high temperature gas isthat molecules in it dissociate in some degree, and this will affect the breakdown threshold of the EMP. Numerical calculations have revealed that: (1) The breakdown threshold of the EMP decreases as the gas temperature increases; (2) The degree for the decrease of breakdown threshold depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.
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Key words:
- intense electromagnetic pulse /
- gas breakdown /
- boltzmann's equation /
- threshold /
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