大气击穿对高功率微波天线的影响
Effect of air breakdown on high power microwave antenna
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摘要: 高功率微波大气传播过程中，天线附近的功率密度最大，容易发生强电离或大气击穿，由此产生“尾蚀效应”等非线性衰减，因此，传输过程中产生的大气击穿限制了高功率微波天线的最大发射功率。通过分析天线近场模型，研究了矩形口径天线和圆口径天线的近场轴向功率密度分布，得到了不同口面场分布下天线的最大归一化功率密度及其最大值所处的位置，并结合大气击穿功率密度阈值计算出锥照圆口径天线的最大发射功率约为148.47 GW。Abstract: The high electric field of high power microwave propagating in atmosphere makes air breakdown possible, which confines the maximun transmitting power of microwave antenna because of its intense power density. It is in the near field that the air breakdown often occurs. The power density distributions of rectangle and circular aperture antennae were analyzed and the normalized power density of different aperture distribution was obtained. Based on the air breakdown power density threshold, the maximum transmitting power of circular antenna was given.
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