Abstract: A method based on fractional Talbot effect is studied for single-shot measurement of laser-induced damage threshold. Using hexagonal phase grating, a laser beam is transformed into an ensemble of Gaussian-like spots with different energy densities at the test sample. Therefore, a statistical determination of the damage threshold of thin-film coatings can be performed by comparison of the intensity distribution with the damage pattern. Basic theories about the spectrum transmission and the fractional Talbot self-imaging are applied to calculating the Fresnel image of the hexagonal phase grating, and the results are testified by experiment. The laser-induced damage thresholds of HfO2/ SiO2 coating sample measured by this method and the traditional 1 on 1 method are 7.9 J/cm2 and 8.0 J/cm2, r