Abstract: Hydroquinone-formaldehyde organic aerogels with high HC ratio(10~40, molar ratio of hydroquinone to catalyst) have been prepared using sol-gel process. And carbon aerogels have been prepared by pyrolyzing the aerogels. In addition, the ingredients have been tested by the IR spectra which show the probability of the nano-porous structure. SEM pictures, specific surface areas and distribution of pore diameter have been tested to study the nano-porous structures in surface and some data before and after the pyrolyzing process have been gained:the size of the organic aerogel is 30~50 nm, that of the carbon aerogel is about 10nm, the specific surface area increases from 341.77 m2/g to 452.75 m2/g, the density increases from 0.170 8 g/cm3 to 0.335 6 g/cm3 respectively.