Abstract: The influence of nonlinear refraction in a medium on the in-line holographic imaging of the particle was investigated theoretically and experimentally. According to the in-line Fraunhofer holographic imaging of the particle and nonlinear paraxial wave equation, the complex amplitude and intensity of the diffracted field in the holographic plate were derived. The hologram transferred from the linear and nonlinear medium were also studied numerically and experimentally. The results indicate that the hologram transferred from the nonlinear medium was different to that from the linear medium. As the medium is disrupted easily by high-power pulsed laser,this phenomenon is a reference to the application of the high-power pulsed laser.