常见场致发射阴极材料的发射特性
Emission characteristics of several field emission cathode materials
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摘要: 利用三阴极加速器平台，对不锈钢、黄铜、铝、天鹅绒和石墨等几种常见场致发射材料的电流发射能力、相对启动延迟时间及其抖动进行了实验研究。实验结果表明：在二极管电压近似恒定时，不锈钢阴极启动时间延迟抖动小于8 ns，天鹅绒阴极及石墨阴极启动时间延迟抖动小于4 ns;且材料在阴极频繁工作时启动时间加快;常见金属材料中不锈钢阴极的综合性能较好；非金属材料中，天鹅绒阴极的发射能力最强，且发射延迟时间最短,但考虑到天鹅绒材料严重的出气问题，非金属材料中以石墨阴极的性能为优。Abstract: The comparative studies by using a tri-cathode accelerator are presented on the cathode emission capability, relative emission delay and emission-time jitter of several common cathode materials, that is, stainless-steel, brass, aluminum, velvet and graphite. The stainless-steel has better quality than other metal cathode materials. At 300~450 kV diode voltage and 30 mm anode-cathode gap, the stainless-steel cathode emission current density is 0.78 ~1.50 kA/cm2 accordingly. With a constant diode voltage, the emission-time jitter of the stainless-steel is less than 8 ns, and both the velvet and graphite emission-time jitters are less than 4 ns. The cathode emission starting time of all those materials shortens when cathodes work shot by shot frequently.
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