Numerical study on the magnetic sawing effect in the rail of an electromagnetic launcher
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摘要: 电磁轨道发射器轨道表面裂纹引起的磁锯现象严重制约着发射器的使用寿命。为了更好地分析这种现象，建立了二维情况下的磁扩散方程和热传导方程。结合有限元软件COMSOL Multiphysics中的固体力学模块，对轨道表面裂纹处的电磁、热和力学行为进行了仿真分析。求解过程考虑了材料参数随温度的变化。结果表明，电流在裂纹处绕行，引起尖端局部电流密度过大是导致磁锯效应的重要原因。加载电流峰值为0.8 MA时，裂纹尖端处最大电流密度可达1010 A/m2量级。此外，对裂纹形状的分析表明，裂纹尖端张角越小，电流的聚集现象越严重，产生的温升也越大。Abstract: Magnetic sawing phenomenon, induced by the crack in the rail of the electromagnetic launcher, can severely restrict the life of the launcher. To analyze this phenomenon, we built the magnetic field diffusion equation and heat conduction equation. Combined with the solid mechanics model in the finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics, we simulated the electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical behaviors of the crack. The results show that the current-crowding as the current path turns around the crack tip is a key factor for the formation of magnetic sawing phenomenon. Moreover, we found that, the smaller the aperture angle, the higher the current density, the faster temperature rises.
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Key words:
- electromagnetic launcher /
- crack /
- finite element /
- magnetic sawing effect /
- current density
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