Effects of shielding gas on porosity in CO2 vertical position laser welding of 5A90 aluminum-lithium alloy
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摘要: 基于试验设计软件Design Expert V8设计试验，开展激光焊接5A90铝锂合金工艺试验，研究侧吹保护气流参数对焊缝气孔的影响规律，拟合侧吹流量、侧吹角度和等效气孔点数的函数图像，建立数学模型，优化保护气流参数，预测Ⅰ级焊缝保护气流参数范围。实验结果表明：侧吹气流的加入能明显抑制焊缝气孔，侧吹流量是显著因子，对气孔影响较大，随着流量的增加，气孔点数先增后减，在侧吹流量为5~7 L/min时有最小气孔点数；侧吹角度和交互项是不显著因子，在侧吹角度为20~30范围内，有一个较优值。气孔点数的最优响应模型为三阶模型，该模型拟合良好，经验证试验检验，模型误差范围小于10%，Ⅰ级焊缝易在侧吹流量为3~9 L/min，侧吹角度为15~52范围内获得。Abstract: Based on the Design-Expert V8, the experiments of autogenous laser welding for 3 mm-thick 5A90 aluminum-lithium alloys were implemented. The effects of shielding gas on porosity were investigated. The plots of pore count as a function of side-blowing angle and gas flow rate fitted well as its mathematical model, and the shielding gas parameters were optimized. The results show that the shielding gas can suppress the porosity well, and the gas flow rate is a significant factor, while the side-blowing angle and interaction are not significant. With the increase of gas flow rate, the pore count increased at first then decreased. A minimum value is reached in the range of 5~7 L/min while the optimal blowing angle is in the range of 20~30. The optimal response model for pore count is cubic, and the model has been inspected by validation tests in which the error range is smaller than 10%. The gas flow rate, blowing angle in the ranges of 3~9 L/min, 15~52 respectively are identified as the optimal parameters for grade Ⅰ weld seam.
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