500 kV亚纳秒脉冲X光机研制

张小强; 赵光义; 周林; 姜占兴; 梁川; 李名加; 王真

doi:10.11884/HPLPB201830.170389

500 kV亚纳秒脉冲X光机研制

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201830.170389

中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所, 四川绵阳 621900

详细信息

作者简介:
张小强(1986—)，男，硕士，工程师，从事脉冲功率技术研究；zxqhfut@sina.com

通讯作者:
周林(1986—)，男，博士，副研究员，从事等离子体物理和脉冲功率技术研究；zhoulin_2003@163.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-09-29
- 修回日期: 2017-10-23
- 刊出日期: 2018-02-15

Design of 500 kV sub-nanosecond pulsed X-ray generator

Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, CAEP, P.O.Box 919-226, Mianyang 621900, China

摘要

摘要: 高能量亚纳秒脉冲X射线可用于精确定标辐射探测系统的时间响应特性和探测灵敏度，对于脉冲辐射场诊断技术研究具有重要意义。研制了一种小型化、可移动的亚纳秒脉冲X射线源，装置占地区域尺寸为1.2 m×40 cm，重142 kg。设计了双锥形绕组同轴结构变压器，采用新颖的三谐振变压技术，将纳秒脉冲形成线充电至520 kV，通过油介质自击穿开关放电，输出370 kV，3.8 ns的高压脉冲。设计了多级过匹配传输线提升输出电压，并利用油介质peaking-chopping开关进行脉冲压缩，产生了峰值520 kV、半高宽0.5 ns、功率1.8 GW的高压脉冲。基于Child-Langmuir定理，设计了刀刃阴极X光管，在520 kV电压下的运行阻抗为150 Ω，管前20 cm处的X射线峰值能量注量率约为1×10¹⁶ MeV·cm^-2·s^-1，累积照射量为4.1 mR。
- 亚纳秒高压脉冲 /
- 脉冲X光机 /
- 三谐振变压器 /
- peaking-chopping开关 /
- X射线管
Abstract: Sub-nanosecond high energy X-ray source is widely used in calibration of time response characteristic and sensitivity of radiation detectors. A compact generator for sub-nanosecond X-ray pulse was developed, covering a floor area of 1.2 m×40 cm with weight of 142 kg. A coaxial pulsed transformer was designed using double conical windings and triple resonance transformer technology. A nanosecond pulse forming line and a self-break oil switch were employed, generating a high voltage pulse with peak value of 370 kV and pulse width of 3.8 ns. The voltage was then increased to 520 kV by multi-stage over-matched transmission lines, and the pulse width was sharpened to 0.5 ns via a peaking-chopping oil switch. The power of the pulse loaded across the AK gap of the X-ray tube was 1.8 GW. The X-ray tube, using a foil array cathode, was designed and analyzed on the basis of Child-Langmuir theory. Radiation with a peak energy flux rate of about 1×10¹⁶ MeV·cm^-2·s^-1 was generated at a distance of 20 cm, and the integral dose was 4.1 mR per pulse.
- sub-nanosecond high-voltage pulse /
- pulsed X-ray generator /
- triple resonance transformer /
- peaking-chopping /
- X-ray tube

HTML全文

图 1 500 kV亚纳秒脉冲X光机总体结构

Figure 1. Schematic of generator

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图 2 纳秒-皮秒双模X光辐射装置

Figure 2. Photo of X-ray generator

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图 3 双锥形绕组变压器实物图及外筒去除后的准三谐振变压系统

Figure 3. Pulsed transformer using double conical windings and triple resonance transformer system without shell

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图 4 准三谐振变压系统电路图

Figure 4. Circuit diagram of triple resonance transformer

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图 5 准三谐振变压的实验波形与仿真波形对比

Figure 5. Voltage waveform of triple resonance pulse transformer

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图 6 亚纳秒脉冲产生系统

Figure 6. System of sub-nanosecond pulse generator

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图 7 Peaking-chopping开关结构剖面图

Figure 7. Side view of peaking-chopping switch

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图 8 X射线二极管结构图

Figure 8. Schematic of diode's structure

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图 9 GD-40P型光电管

Figure 9. GD-40P photo tube

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图 10 亚纳秒电脉冲和辐射脉冲测量结果

Figure 10. Voltage waveforms of sub-nanosecond pulse and radiation

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