Thermal simulation analysis and optimization design of miniaturized traveling wave tube amplifier
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摘要: 介绍了小型化行波管放大器的热仿真分析和优化设计方法。首先对行波管放大器的热损耗进行了分析，然后依据热力学相关理论，基于Ansys Icepak软件，对行波管放大器进行了建模和仿真分析。针对小型化行波管放大器的特点，分别进行了水冷板的热优化设计和慢波结构的热优化设计，在此基础上进行了水冷板和慢波结构的综合优化设计。最后进行了实验验证，实验结果与仿真结果相符，行波管放大器无论是整体温度还是局部温度分布特性，均得到了明显改善。Abstract: This paper introduces the thermal simulation analysis and optimization design method of the miniaturized traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifier. Firstly, the thermal loss of TWT is analyzed. Then, based on the thermodynamic theory and ANSYS Icepak software, the TWT amplifier is modeled and simulated. According to the characteristics of the miniaturized TWT, the thermal optimization design of the water-cooled plate and the slow-wave structure are carried out respectively. On this basis, the comprehensive optimization design of the water-cooled plate and the slow-wave structure is carried out. Finally, the experimental verification is excuted. The experimental results are in agreement with the simulation results. The overall and local temperature distribution characteristics of the TWT amplifier have been significantly improved.
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图 8 加水冷板优化后的三维温度云图
Figure 8. 3-D temperature nephogram after optimizing water-cooled plate
图 9 加水冷板优化后的二维温度云图
Figure 9. 2-D temperature nephogram after optimizing water-cooled plate
图 10 慢波结构加散热片三维模型
Figure 10. 3-D model of TWT amplifier slow-wave structure with radiator
图 11 慢波结构优化后的三维温度云图
Figure 11. 3-D temperature nephogram after optimizing slow-wave structure
图 12 慢波结构优化后的二维温度云图
Figure 12. 2-D temperature nephogram after optimizing slow-wave structure
图 13 加水冷板和慢波结构优化后三维温度云图
Figure 13. 3-D temperature nephogram after optimizing water-cooled plate and slow-wave structure
图 14 加水冷板和慢波结构优化后二维温度云图
Figure 14. 2-D temperature nephogram after optimizing water-cooled plate and slow-wave structure
图 15 无冷却工作5 min的行波管放大器温度分布
Figure 15. Temperature distribution of TWT amplifier working for 5 minutes without cooling
图 16 工作30 min后的行波管放大器温度分布
Figure 16. Temperature distribution of TWT amplifier after working for 30 minutes
表 1 行波管放大器各部件名称及材料
Table 1. Names and materials of components of TWT amplifier
name material name material electron gun kovar isolator oxygen-free copper high frequency iron preamplifier copper collector oxygen-free copper amplifier input waveguide oxygen-free copper TWT output waveguide oxygen-free copper、kovar amplifier output waveguide oxygen-free copper TWT input waveguide oxygen-free copper、kovar bottom plate aluminium 
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表 2 行波管放大器供电参数
Table 2. Power supply parameters of TWT amplifier
voltage/V current/mA power/W collector 4250 75 318.75 filament 6 0.62 3.72 slow-wave structure 16300 1 16.3 amplifier 8 500 4
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表 3 边界条件
Table 3. Boundary conditions
boundary condition parameter setting ambient temperature 25 ℃ gravity direction Y-axis negative direction solution type radiation, conduction, convection turbulence model zero equation radiation model Ray Tracing
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