短波接收天线系统核电磁脉冲注入试验

吴刚; 乐波; 杨雨枫; 王海洋; 崔志同; 彭磊; 吴伟; 陈伟

doi:10.11884/HPLPB201931.190159

短波接收天线系统核电磁脉冲注入试验

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201931.190159

吴刚^1,,
乐波²,
杨雨枫³,
王海洋¹,
崔志同¹,
彭磊²,
吴伟¹,
陈伟^{1, 3}

1.
强脉冲辐射环境模拟与效应国家重点实验室(西北核技术研究院), 西安 710024
2.
盲信号处理国家重点实验室, 成都 610041
3.
湘潭大学材料科学与工程学院, 湖南湘潭 411105

基金项目:

强脉冲辐射环境模拟与效应国家重点实验室专项经费资助项目 SKLIPR.1405Z

详细信息

作者简介:
吴刚(1982—)，男，副研究员，主要从事核电磁脉冲效应、试验与防护技术研究; wugang@nint.ac.cn

中图分类号: O441;TL91;TL76
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-05-13
- 修回日期: 2019-06-25
- 刊出日期: 2019-09-15

High-altitude electromagnetic pulse survivability test study on shortwave receiving antenna system by pulsed current injection

1.
State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect(Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology), Xi'an 710024, China
2.
State Key Laboratory on Blind Signal Processing, Chengdu 610041, China
3.
School of Material Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China

摘要

摘要: 为评估高空核电磁脉冲(HEMP)对某型短波接收天线系统的威胁，对包含浪涌保护器在内的天线前端设备进行HEMP传导注入试验。采用纳秒级快前沿方波源和双指数波电流源，分别测试不同浪涌保护措施的快脉冲响应。结果表明，主要由于天线末端的气体放电管在高过压比下很快动作(1 ns量级)、信号浪涌保护器内瞬态电压抑制器(TVS)限幅、信号传输设备内放大器饱和限幅等多重作用，注入幅度约3.5 kV的快前沿方波、电流峰值1.8 kA的双指数波(20/500 ns)脉冲都能及时泄放，只在传输设备输出端产生一个幅度饱和(< 3 V)、持续μs量级的干扰信号。对这一类低工作电压天线系统，利用基于市售浪涌保护器的多重防雷措施能够同时实现对核电磁脉冲传导环境的防护。
- 高空核电磁脉冲 /
- 脉冲电流注入 /
- 短波天线 /
- 浪涌保护器 /
- 气体放电管 /
- 瞬态电压抑制器
Abstract: To evaluate the threat of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse HEMP environment on a shortwave receiving antenna system, pulsed current injection tests for the front-end equipments near the antenna, including some commercial surge protection devices, have been conducted. Both a fast rise-time nanosecond square waveform pulser and a double exponential waveform pulser with high current output, are adopted to check the responses of various surge protection measures. Results show that three protection devices have played essential roles in preventing against HEMP conducted disturbance. Firstly a gas discharge tube at the end of the whip antenna breaks down within a few nanoseconds, since it suffers an overvoltage much higher than its nominal DC breakdown voltage. Then a transient voltage suppressor (TVS) in the commercial signal surge protection device also responses quickly to clamp the line voltage. And the amplifiers in the signal transmission equipments also limit the residual voltage of the disturbance propagating forward, as they are readily to enter the saturation mode under excess inputs. Therefore, the system can withstand either a fast rise-time nanosecond square waveform pulse with an voltage amplitude of 3.5 kV, or a double exponential (20/500 ns) waveform current pulse with an amplitude of 1.8 kA. The only effect is that the latter signal transmission equipment outputs a disturbance signal with a saturated amplitude (< 3 V) which lasts for several microseconds. This implies that, when combining the selected commercial surge protection devices properly, it is practicable to protect similar low working voltage antenna systems against both lightning electromagnetic pulse and HEMP.
- high-altitude electromagnetic pulse /
- pulsed current injection /
- shortwave antenna /
- surge protection device /
- gas discharge tube /
- transient voltage suppressor

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图 1 受试对象电气连接和内部保护器件配置

Figure 1. Schematic of electrical connection and internal protection devices configuration of the system under test

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图 2 HEMP辐照激励短波鞭天线的耦合仿真模型

Figure 2. Simulation model for the antenna excited by HEMP field

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图 3 天线末端短路电流峰值随入射波方向角θ的变化

Figure 3. Calculated results of peak short-circuit currents at the end of the antenna as a function of the incident angle θ

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图 4 θ=45°, 90°情况下天线末端短路和名义负载电流波形

Figure 4. Short-circuit and nominal load current waveforms of the antenna with an incident angle of θ=45° and θ=90°

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图 5 试验连接状态示意图

Figure 5. Schematic of electrical connection in the test

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图 6 方波源测试天馈浪涌保护器响应时间随电压变化

Figure 6. Response times of the antenna lightning protector to fast rise-time square waveform pulses with various voltages

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图 7 GDT和巴伦组合对快前沿方波的泄露电压脉冲

Figure 7. Leakage voltage pulses of the combination of a GDT and a balun to the fast rise-time square waveform pulses

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图 8 信号浪涌保护器对快前沿方波的响应

Figure 8. Response of the signal surge protector to the fast rise-time square waveform pulse

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图 9 天线避雷器与信号浪涌保护器的综合响应

Figure 9. Synthesized response of the antenna lightning protector and the signal surge protector

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图 10 天线末端注入100 ns方波，交换矩阵输出饱和

Figure 10. Saturated outputs of the switching fabric

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图 11 天线末端注入100 ns方波，经多重保护器的响应

Figure 11. Synthesized responses of the system under test to the injected 100 ns square waveform pulses

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图 12 双指数波电流源在不同加压等级下的输出电流波形

Figure 12. Output current waveforms of the double exponential (DEXP) waveform pulser

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图 13 双指数波脉冲注入天线前端从一路输出泄露脉冲

Figure 13. Leakage pulses of the antenna output port with DEXP pulses injected

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图 14 注入双指数波脉冲，浪涌保护器输出残压

Figure 14. Outputs of the surge protectors with 2 kA pulses

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图 15 天线末端注入双指数波脉冲，交换矩阵输出残压

Figure 15. Outputs of the system with DEXP pulses injected

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图 16 试验前后，受试对象的信号传输功能对比

Figure 16. Comparison of the transmission characteristics before and after the test

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