Progress in high energy all-solid-state regenerative amplifier
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摘要: 在固体激光脉冲放大器中，再生放大器具有增益高、光束质量好以及结构简单等优点，得到了广泛的关注和应用。经过几十年的不断发展，再生放大器已经能够实现数百mJ脉冲能量以及数kW均值功率的稳定输出。增益材料特性、腔型结构、泵浦能力、热效应、元器件性能等诸多方面都会影响再生放大器的输出特性，其中增益材料特性是最根本的因素。由于特性不同，基于不同增益材料体系的再生放大器在结构和功能上都会有较大的差异。基于不同的材料体系，介绍了各类体系下的再生放大器在发展过程中遇到的关键共性问题，以及几类典型的再生放大器及其特点。讨论了再生放大器未来的发展趋势。Abstract: Among solid-state laser amplifiers, regenerative amplifiers which have the advantages of high gain, good beam quality and simple structure, have been widely concerned and applied. After decades of development , regenerative amplifiers are able to realize pulse energy of several hundred millijoules and average power of several kilowatts in stable operation. The output performance of regenerative amplifiers is determined by properties of gain media, structure of cavity, pump condition, thermal effect and qualities of components. The properties of gain media are the most essential factors. Because of different properties of materials, regenerative amplifiers based on different kinds of materials present different structure and performance. Based on different material systems, the key common problems encountered in the development process of regenerative amplifiers under various systems, as well as several typical types of regenerative amplifiers and their characteristics are introduced. The future development trend of regenerative amplifiers is discussed.
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Key words:
- laser /
- laser amplifier /
- regenerative amplifier /
- laser cavity /
- thin-disk laser
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图 2 再生腔示意图（QS和CD分别为用于调Q和导出的普克尔盒，A为孔径光阑）
Figure 2. Diagram of regenerative cavity（QS and CD are Pockels cells for Q switch and cavity dump；A is aperture）
图 3 激光二极管端面泵浦再生放大器示意图（DL为激光二极管阵列，L1为阵列透镜，L2为柱透镜，L3为球面透镜，WG为光楔板）
Figure 3. Schematic of diode-pumped regenerative amplifier （DL，diode-laser array；L1，microlens array；L2，cylindrical lens； L3，spherical lens；WG，wedged glass plate）
图 4 Nd:YLF环形再生放大器示意图（SLM-FL为单纵模光纤激光器，EP为扩束镜，SA为锯齿光阑，PBS为偏振分光棱镜，VSF为真空空间滤波器，PCP为相位共轭板）
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of Nd:YLF ring amplifier（SLM-FL， single longitudinal mode fiber laser；EP，beam expander； SA，serrated aperture；PBS，polarization beam splitter； VSF，vacuum spatial filter；PCP，phase conjugate plate）
图 5 实验装置示意图（HR为高反镜）
Figure 5. Diagram of experimental setup（HR，high reflectivity mirror）
图 6 激光装置整体示意图（CM为啁啾镜，PP-MgO:LN为周期性极化掺氧化镁铌酸锂，RTP为磷酸氧钛铷）
Figure 6. Diagram of laser system（CM，chirped mirror；PP-MgO:LN，MgO-doped periodically poled LiNbO3 crystal；RTP，rubidium titanyl phosphate）
图 7 环形腔装置示意图（L1和L2为可自由调节的透镜，W1和W2为真空空间滤波器的窗口）
Figure 7. Diagram of ring cavity（L1 and L2，adjustable lenses； W1 and W2，windows of vacuum spatial filter）
图 8 再生放大器光路图（vex为凸面反射镜，cav为凹面反射镜）
Figure 8. Optical setup of regenerative amplifier （vex，convex mirror；cav，concave mirror）
表 1 掺Nd激光材料基本参数
Table 1. Basic parameters of Nd doped laser materials
emitting wavelength/nm emitting bandwidth/nm emitting cross section/（10-20 cm2） fluorescent lifetime/μs Nd:YAG 1064 0.45 88.0 230 Nd:YLF 1053 1.35 32.0 480 N31 Nd:glass 1053 25.8 3.8 351 
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表 2 钛宝石基本参数
Table 2. Basic parameters of Ti:Sapphire
pump wavelength/nm emitting wavelength/nm emitting cross section/（10−20 cm2） fluorescent lifetime/μs thermal conductivity/（W·m−1·K−1） 532 800 38（800 nm） 3.2 33（300 K）
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表 3 掺Yb激光材料基本参数
Table 3. Basic parameters of Yb doped laser materials
emitting wavelength/nm emitting bandwidth/nm emitting cross section/（10-20 cm2） fluorescent lifetime/μs Yb:YAG 1030 6.3 2.30 951 Yb:KYW 1025 16.0 3.00 600 Yb:Lu2O3 1032 12.0 1.07 820 Yb:CaF2 1030 70.0 0.20 2400
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