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Ka波段分布作用速调管降压收集极设计

王柳亚 丁海兵

王柳亚, 丁海兵. Ka波段分布作用速调管降压收集极设计[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2020, 32: 083001. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200093
引用本文: 王柳亚, 丁海兵. Ka波段分布作用速调管降压收集极设计[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2020, 32: 083001. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200093
Wang Liuya, Ding Haibing. Design of depressed collector for Ka-band extended interaction klystron[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2020, 32: 083001. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200093
Citation: Wang Liuya, Ding Haibing. Design of depressed collector for Ka-band extended interaction klystron[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2020, 32: 083001. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200093

Ka波段分布作用速调管降压收集极设计

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200093
详细信息
    作者简介:

    王柳亚(1996—),女,硕士研究生,从事高功率微波源技术研究;wangliuya9604@163.com

    通讯作者:

    丁海兵(1977—),男,博士,研究员,从事高功率微波真空电子器件及微波能应用系统的研究;dinghb@aircas.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: TN122

Design of depressed collector for Ka-band extended interaction klystron

  • 摘要: 为满足无线传能系统对高效率大功率毫米波功率源的迫切需求,开展大功率连续波速调管高效率技术研究,采用降压收集极技术实现速调管在效率上的有效提升。主要介绍了某Ka波段大功率连续波分布作用速调管(EIK)降压收集极的设计方案,包括注-波互作用后废电子能量分布及行为特性的研究,收集极初始条件、结构及电极电压的设计,给出了单级降压收集极和两级降压收集极的设计和计算结果。三维粒子模拟(PIC)计算结果表明,该Ka波段连续波EIK采用单级降压收集极时回收效率为41.0%,采用两级降压收集极时回收效率为68.8%,EIK总管效率相比于未采用降压收集极技术时的27.5%上升至54.8%,表明通过降压收集极技术可有效提升毫米波大功率速调管工作效率。
  • 图  1  总效率和电子效率、收集极效率的关系

    Figure  1.  Relationship between tube efficiency, electronic efficiency and collector efficiency

    图  2  4级降压收集极的回收功率示意图

    Figure  2.  Recovery power of the four-stage depressed collector

    图  3  废电子电流随时间周期性变化

    Figure  3.  Waste electron current changes periodically with time

    图  4  一个射频周期内携带不同能量的粒子数目统计图

    Figure  4.  Number of particles carrying different energy in one RF cycle

    图  5  一个射频周期内等间隔的8个时间点

    Figure  5.  Eight equal interval points in one RF cycle

    图  6  8等分时间点上携带不同能量的粒子数目统计图

    Figure  6.  Number of particles carrying different electron energy of point 1~8

    图  7  单级降压收集极的结构示意图

    Figure  7.  Structure of one-stage depressed collector

    图  8  未对收集极实施电压降时的电子轨迹

    Figure  8.  Electron beams trajectories in collector without voltage drop

    图  9  单级降压收集极电子轨迹

    Figure  9.  Electron beams trajectories in one-stage depressed collector

    图  10  初始两级降压收集极的结构示意图

    Figure  10.  Structure of initial two-stage depressed collector

    图  11  改进后的二级降压收集极的结构示意图

    Figure  11.  Structure of improved two-stage depressed collector

    图  12  两级降压收集极内的电子轨迹

    Figure  12.  Electron beams trajectories in two-stage depressed collector

    表  1  EIK的主要设计参数

    Table  1.   Main design parameters of the Ka-band extended interaction klystron(EIK)

    frequency/GHzbeam voltage/kVbeam current/Aoutput power of CW/kWefficiency/%gain/dB
    35100.491.3527.554
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  部分废电子信息

    Table  2.   Information of part of waste electrons

    x position/my position/mz position/m$ {u}_{x} $$ {u}_{y} $$ {u}_{z} $mass/kgcharge/Cmacro particle charge/Ctime/s
    −1.23E−04−2.81E−054.10E−02−1.28E−032.68E−030.1649.10E−31−1.60E−19−2.22E−162.50E−08
    −1.12E−04−5.39E−054.10E−02−1.83E−032.25E−030.1649.10E−31−1.60E−19−2.17E−162.50E−08
    −1.18E−04−3.67E−054.10E−029.95E−04−4.13E−030.1659.10E−31−1.60E−19−2.66E−162.50E−08
    −2.46E−05−2.33E−044.10E−02−7.46E−03−9.42E−030.1649.10E−31−1.60E−19−1.87E−162.50E−08
    −9.48E−05−9.30E−054.10E−023.41E−03−2.00E−030.1649.10E−31−1.60E−19−2.39E−162.50E−08
    −9.44E−05−9.35E−054.10E−023.37E−03−2.01E−030.1649.10E−31−1.60E−19−2.39E−162.50E−08
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  单级降压收集极的设计参数

    Table  3.   Design parameters of the one-stage depressed collector

    drift length/mmdrift entrance radius/mmdrift exit radius/mmcollector length/mmcollector entrance radius/mmcollector exit radius/mm
    80.450.671.50.95
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  单级降压收集极的回收效率、回流率与压降的关系

    Table  4.   Relationship between recovery efficiency, reflux rate and voltage drop of the one-stage depressed collector

    voltage/kVrecovery efficiency/%electron reflux rate/%
    −3.0 26 0
    −4.0 40 0
    −4.1 41 0.02
    −4.2 43 1.00
    −4.3 44 1.05
    −5.0 54 3.20
    −6.0 68 4.60
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  初始两级降压收集极的设计参数

    Table  5.   Design parameters of initial two-stage depressed collector

    length/mmentrance radius/mmexit radius/mm
    driftone-stage collectortwo-stage collectordriftone-stage collectortwo-stage collectordriftone-stage collectortwo-stage collector
    8 31 40 0.35 0.9 3 0.6 5 5
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  改进后的两级降压收集极设计参数

    Table  6.   Design parameters of improved two-stage depressed collector

    length/mmentrance radius/mmexit radius/mm
    driftone-stage collectortwo-stage collectordriftone-stage collectortwo-stage collectordrift one-stage collectortwo-stage collector
    813.527.5 0.350.76 0.655
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  优化的各级压降及回收效率

    Table  7.   Design parameters of improved two-stage depressed collector

    voltage of the first stage/kVvoltage of the second stage/kVrecovery efficiency/%
    −4.1 −10 68.8
    −3.7 −9 49.2
    −3.0 −8 53.6
    −2.1 −7 38.7
    −1.5 −6 43.1
    −0.6 −5 37.3
    −4.0 −4 40.0
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  不同初始条件下的回收效率和整管效率

    Table  8.   Recovery efficiency and tube efficiency under different initial conditions

    initial conditionrecovery efficiency/%tube efficiency/%
    PID 172.457.8
    PID 270.956.1
    PID 364.551.6
    PID 468.854.8
    PID 567.954.1
    PID 666.152.8
    PID 771.356.9
    PID 872.858.2
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2020-04-18
  • 修回日期:  2020-06-14
  • 刊出日期:  2020-08-13

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