Suppression of higher diffraction orders using quasiperiodic array of rectangular holes with large size tolerance
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Abstract: Advances in basic and applied research of conventional grating have been attracting much attention from optical engineering community. However, the higher orders diffraction contamination degrades the spectral purity obtained by conventional gratings seriously. Many designs of single-order or quasi-single-order gratings have been proposed to suppress higher-order diffraction contributions, however, their inhibitive effects on the higher order diffractions are restrained by the processing accuracy unavoidably. In this paper, we propose a grating that incorporates a quasi-periodical array of rectangular holes, and achieves larger tolerance of processing errors compared with the previously designed gratings by optimizing the probability density distribution function of the holes. This paper describes an analytical study of the diffraction property of this grating. Theoretical calculations reveal that the grating completely suppresses the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th orders diffractions, and the ratio of the 5th order diffraction efficiency to that of the 1st is as low as 0.01% even if relative errors for hole sizes exceed 20%, which greatly decreases the required processing accuracy.
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Key words:
- single-order diffraction grating /
- X-ray /
- spectrometer /
- tolerance of processing errors
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Figure 1. Schematic of the distribution of holes in the array: from δ-function to arbitrary positive function
Γ(ξn,ηn) 
Figure 2. (a) Design for a quasi-periodical hole array: in each lattice (d×d square), a rectangular hole with side lengths of d/6 and d is positioned randomly on the ξn axis and has a trapezoidal distribution profile shown in (b)
Figure 3. Comparison between far-field diffraction patterns of a quasi-periodical array shown in Fig. 2 when H＝L＝100 and a periodic grating with a duty cycle of 1∶5 and 201 periods
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