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条纹及分幅相机技术发展概述

田进寿

田进寿. 条纹及分幅相机技术发展概述[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2020, 32: 112003. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200119
引用本文: 田进寿. 条纹及分幅相机技术发展概述[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2020, 32: 112003. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200119
Tian Jinshou. Introduction to development of streak and framing cameras[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2020, 32: 112003. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200119
Citation: Tian Jinshou. Introduction to development of streak and framing cameras[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2020, 32: 112003. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200119

条纹及分幅相机技术发展概述

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200119
详细信息
    作者简介:

    田进寿(1970—),男,研究员,从事超快诊断技术研究工作;TIANJS@OPT.AC.CN

  • 中图分类号: TB872

Introduction to development of streak and framing cameras

  • 摘要: 介绍了超快诊断技术研究的意义,概述了条纹相机和分幅相机的研究历史及现状,分析了几种主流条纹管的技术特点及主要应用领域,比较了国内外超快诊断设备研制单位特点,分析了我国在超快诊断技术方面所取得的成就、存在的问题并对下一步发展出路进行初步的分析与探讨。
  • 图  1  6200型和7200型条纹管

    Figure  1.  Picture of Model 6200 and Model 7200 streak tubes

    图  2  6200-II型长狭缝高时空分辨条纹管

    Figure  2.  Long slit tube with high spatial and temporal resolution

    图  3  C11853-1型飞秒条纹管内部电极结构图

    Figure  3.  Inner structure of streak tube C11853-1

    图  4  极限时间分辨与光电子脉冲中电子数量的关系图

    Figure  4.  Temporal resolution vs the amount of electrons

    图  5  西安光机所研制研制的部分核心探测器

    Figure  5.  Key detectors developed in XIOPM

    图  6  9200型同步扫描条纹管

    Figure  6.  Picture of synchronization tube 9200

    图  7  工程化X射线飞秒条纹相机

    Figure  7.  Picture of X-ray femotosencond streak camera

    图  8  是部分商业化条纹相机实物照

    Figure  8.  Partially commercialized streak cameras developed in XIOPM

    图  9  西安光机所研制的5200型和2200型条纹相机实物照片

    Figure  9.  Pictures of streak cameras of Model 5200 and 2200 developed in XIOPM

    图  10  西安光机所研制的4200型工程化相机和2200型X光条纹相机在实验现场

    Figure  10.  Pictures of X ray streak cameras of Model 4200 and 2200 at the experimental site

    图  11  条纹管四种代表性的电子光学结构形式

    Figure  11.  Four representative opto-electronical structures of streak tube

    图  12  增强器选通型分幅相机组成框架图

    Figure  12.  Frame diagram of intensifier gated framing camera

    图  13  行波选通型分幅相机原理图及实物照片

    Figure  13.  Schematic diagram and picture of travelling wave gated framing camera

    图  14  Kentech公司工程化分幅相机

    Figure  14.  Kentech’s engineering framing camera

    图  15  美国Los Alamos国家实验室(LANL)大尺寸选通X射线分幅相机

    Figure  15.  Large size gated X-ray framing camera at Los Alamos National Laboratory(LANL)

    图  16  分幅相机动态增益均匀性改善,30%@80 mm

    Figure  16.  (30%@80 mm) Improved of dynamic gain uniformity of framing camera

    图  17  大画幅分幅相机微带线以及工程化分幅相机

    Figure  17.  Microstrip line of large frame framing camera and photos of engineering framing camera

    图  18  时间展宽分幅相机的结构图和原理图

    Figure  18.  Structure diagram and schematic diagram of dilation X-ray imager(DIXI)

    图  19  单视线X射线成像系统

    Figure  19.  Single line of sight(SLOS)of X-ray imaging system

    图  20  深圳大学研制的时间展宽分幅相机及静态分辨测试

    Figure  20.  DIXI developed by Shenzhen University and its static resolution test

    图  21  静态空间分辨率可见第四组分划板信息(对应20 lp/mm)和准动态空间分辨率可见第三组分划板信息(对应14 lp/mm)

    Figure  21.  Static spatial resolution information,indicated in the fourth component partition(corresponding to 20 lp/mm),and quasi-dynamic spatial resolution, indicated in the third component partition(corresponding to 14 lp/mm)

    图  22  扫描分幅管的原理图

    Figure  22.  Schematic diagram of scanning framing tube[71-72]

    表  1  6200-II型条纹管主要性能指标

    Table  1.   Main specifications of Model 6200-II streak tube

    effective working
    area of cathode
    time resolution/psspatial resolution/(lp·mm−1)magnificationdeflection sensitivity/(mm·kV-1)streak tube size
    ≥36 mm×6 mm ≤5 (center)18 mm:≥40
    (sides)9 mm:≥10
    0.8 38.9 ϕ74 mm×370 mm
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  6200-II型条纹管性能指标与国际类似长狭缝条纹管比较表

    Table  2.   Comparison of specifications between Model 6200-II streak tube and internationally similar long-slit streak tubes

    No.tube typeeffective working area
    of cathode
    static spatial resolution/(lp·mm−1physical time
    resolution/ps
    # 6200-II, Xi'an Institute of Optics and mechanics(CAS) 36 mm×6 mm >40 <5
    1 6200 35 mm×5 mm 40 50
    2 ST-Y, Photek(United Kingdom) 35 mm×5 mm 40 50
    3 P510/slit, Photonics(France) 35 mm×4 mm 10 5
    4 PV 400, BIFO(Russia) 35 mm×4 mm 20 2
    5 N3831, Hamamatsu(Japan) 25 mm×15 mm 35 10
    6 Shenzhen University Long Slit Streak Tube ϕ30 mm 15 8
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所研制的系列化条纹相机基本性能表

    Table  3.   Basic performance table of serialized streak tubes developed by XIOPM

    modelgate
    structure
    time
    resolution/
    ps
    spatial
    resolution/
    (lp·mm−1
    brightness
    gain
    cathode
    size
    magnificationscreen
    area
    accelerating
    voltage/
    kV
    deflection
    sensitivity/
    (mm·kV−1
    operating
    mode
    similar
    type
    1200 rect. hole ≤0.5 ≥40 ϕ6 mm ~2.3 ϕ40 mm 15 23 single
    2200 grid ≤5 ≥30 ~0.5 ϕ17 mm ~2.0 ϕ40 mm 0.76 60 synchronize
    3200 rect. hole ≤2 ≥40 ~1 15 mm×1 mm ~2.3 ϕ40 mm 15 38 single and repeat Photonis P800 series
    4200 grid ≤5 ≥25 ~3 ϕ30 mm 1.3 ϕ40 mm 15 45 single
    5200 Grid ≤5 ≥30 ~0.5 ϕ17 mm ~2.3 ϕ40 mm 0.76 60 single and repeat
    6200 rect. hole ≤30⑥ ≥25 ~10 35 mm×4 mm 0.75 ϕ40 mm 15 22 single Photek ST-Y;Photonis P500 series;Bifo PV400
    7200 rect. hole ≤30⑥ ≥25 ~10 18 mm×2 mm 0.75 ϕ30 mm 15 15 single Photek ST-X;Photonis P900 series
    8200 round hole ≤30 ≥25 ~5 ϕ25 mm 1.0 ϕ30 mm 15 7 single Bifo PV201
    9200 grid ≤2 ≥30 ~0.5 ϕ10 mm 2.6 ϕ40 mm 0.7 120 synchronize Photek
    Photron V
    Notes:① Presently femtosecond cameras have only X-ray band response, and the brightness gain has not been measured; ② Similar to that by Jun Feng at the National Laboratory of the Livermore, USA and C6183 (FESCA-200) of Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan;③ Early worldwide universal inverted image type streak tubes, as those in the United States, Britain, Japan, France and Russia; ④ The same type as that commonly used in Shenzhen University and Research Center of Laser Fusion of CAEP; ⑤ The temporal resolution can be increased to about 10ps by adjusting the voltage of the image converter, but at the expense of degradatim the spatial resolution.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  利弗莫尔国家实验室和西安光机所分幅相机对比

    Table  4.   Comparison of framing camera parameters between Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and XIOPM

    time resolution/psspatial resolution/(lp·mm)number of framessensitive surfacesynchronization accuracy/ps
    LLNL 60 20 16 105 mm×105 mm 20
    XIOPM 60 20 16 105 mm×105 mm 20
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  基于条纹相机的二维超快成像技术及其基本参数表

    Table  5.   Basic parameters of two-dimensional ultrafast imaging technology based on streak camera

    scanning framing imagingtime resolution
    (time of exposure)/ps
    number of
    frames
    camera operation
    mode
    single
    exposure
    multi imaging X-ray scanning framing imaging technology①11.7≥15single scanningyes
    Single exposure ultrafast imaging technology with non-parallax tilt lens array②2512single scanningyes
    sampling imaging scanning framing technology③2single scanningyes
    rotating mirror assisted femtosecond photography④1.71≤480synchronous scanningno
    compression sensing imaging⑤35≤350single scanningyes
    Notes:① Shiraga H,et al. Laser-imploded core structure observed by using two-dimensional x-ray imaging with 10-ps temporal resolution[J]. Rev. of Sci. Instrum. 1995,66:722-724. ② Heshmat B,et al. Single-shot ultrafast imaging using parallax-free alignment with a tilted lenslet array,CLEO Sci. Innov. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_SI.2014.STu3E.7(2014). ③ Li Ji,Qu Junle,Niu Hanben. Sampling-image streak framing technique,2004,13(4):461-466. ④ Velten A,et al. Recovering three-dimensional shape around a corner using ultrafast time-of-flight imaging [J]. Nature Commun. 2012,3,745. ⑤ Gao L,et al. Single-shot compressed ultrafast photography at one hundred billion frames per second [J]. Nature,2014,516:74-77
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  国内外条纹管/条纹相机整机研制情况一览表

    Table  6.   Capabicity of developing streak tube/camera of the manufactors on the world

    No.countrymanufactordesign of
    streak tube
    photocathode of streak tubestreak
    camera
    remarks
    X-raysolar
    blind
    ultraviolet
    visible(muti
    alkali)
    infrared
    non-transfertransferS1(Ag-
    O-Cs)
    InGaAs/lnP/
    Ag(Au)
    singlerepeatedsynchron-ized
    1JapanHamamatsu
    2RussiaVNIIOFI(Bifo)
    3GPI
    4FrancePhotonis
    5GermanyOptronis
    6UKPhotek
    7Kentech
    8CanadaAXIS
    9USACordin
    10LLNL
    11Sydor
    12ChinaXIOPM
    13Shenzhen University
    14CETC55
    15NNVT
    16Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP
    17Laser fusion research center, CAEP
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2020-05-12
  • 修回日期:  2020-07-01
  • 刊出日期:  2020-09-13

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