Research on mechanism of transparent cathode in relativistic magnetron
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摘要: 透明阴极技术对相对论磁控管振荡启动过程具有显著影响，但其加速启动过程的作用机理仍有待深入研究。对采用扇形单元透明阴极的L波段相对论磁控管进行数值模拟，分析了场分布模式和带电粒子空间运动规律，发现透明阴极与实心阴极在磁控管振荡启动过程的差异。可见透明阴极带来的静电场角向分量与外加轴向磁场引起的洛伦兹力，对初始工作状态的电子具有向阳极加速漂移的作用。采用透明阴极的相对论磁控管的电子轮辐外缘更贴近阳极，群聚电子在轴向上具有随距离连续变化的速度分布，使得电子与高频电磁场的能量交换更加充分。对扇形阴极单元的个数与张角组合的匹配效果进行了模拟，给出了磁控管振荡建立阶段静电场角向分量对阴极电子发射与漂移运动的作用规律。透明阴极的设计需要与磁控管慢波结构相匹配，以得到最优化的工作状态。Abstract: It is confirmed that transparent cathode technology has a significant influence on oscillation start-up process in relativistic magnetron, while the fast start-up mechanism is under further evaluation. Electromagnetic field distribution and charged particle motion were simulated in an L-band relativistic magnetron with transparent cathode. Results show a great difference between solid cathode and transparent cathode. Both electrostatic field distribution and electron spoke are modulated by transparent cathode structure. To obtain an optimal operating state, transparent cathode and relativistic magnetron should be matched in a proper configuration.
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图 1 静电场分布
Figure 1. Electrostatic field distributions
left: solid cathode; middle: 3-unit transparent cathode; right: 6-unit transparent cathode
图 2 粒子轨迹统计
Figure 2. Particle motion statistics
left: solid cathode; middle: 3-unit transparent cathode; right: 6-unit transparent cathode
图 5 三单元透明阴极光滑磁控管中的静电场角向分量分布
Figure 5. E-field azimuthal component distribution along observing curves in smoothbore magnetron with 3-unit transparent cathode
图 6 六单元透明阴极光滑磁控管中的静电场角向分量分布
Figure 6. E-field azimuthal component distribution along observing curves in smoothbore magnetron with 6-unit transparent cathode
图 8 三单元透明阴极磁控管中沿参考线的静电场强度角向分量变化规律
Figure 8. E-field distribution along observing curve in magnetron with 3-unit transparent cathode
表 1 单元张角变化时3扇形单元透明阴极RM的振荡建立时间
Table 1. Start-up duration of 3-unit transparent cathode RM with different unit flare angle
No. flare angle/（°） duration/ns 1 10 27.88 2 20 28.60 3 30 25.95 4 40 21.44 5 50 19.09 6 60 20.47 7 70 19.76 8 80 14.91 9 90 16.33 10 100 13.24 11 110 12.10 12 solid cathode 19.87 
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表 2 单元张角变化时6扇形单元透明阴极RM的振荡建立时间
Table 2. Start-up duration of 6-unit transparent cathode RM with different unit flare angle
No. flare angle/（°） duration/ns 1 10 22.23 2 20 17.40 3 30 13.81 4 40 14.66 5 50 13.69 6 solid cathode 19.88
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