等离子体介质阻挡放电氟化改性环氧树脂的时效性

康玉婵; 闫纪源; 彭程凯; 宋岩泽; 马国爽; 张亚辉; 吕天舒; 谢庆

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202133.210102

等离子体介质阻挡放电氟化改性环氧树脂的时效性

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202133.210102

康玉婵^1,,
闫纪源^{1, 2},
彭程凯¹,
宋岩泽¹,
马国爽¹,
张亚辉¹,
吕天舒¹,
谢庆^{1, 2, ,}

1.
华北电力大学电力工程系，河北保定 071000
2.
华北电力大学新能源电力系统国家重点实验室，北京 102206

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51777076）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目（2019MS083）；新能源电力系统国家重点实验室自主研究课题（LAPS2019-21）

详细信息

作者简介:
康玉婵（1994—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事等离子体、高电压与绝缘技术相关研究

通讯作者:
谢　庆（1979—），男，博士，教授，主要从事电气设备在线监测与故障诊断、新型传感材料与绝缘材料研究

中图分类号: O53
计量
- 文章访问数: 745
- HTML全文浏览量: 230
- PDF下载量: 27
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-22
- 修回日期: 2021-05-01
- 网络出版日期: 2021-05-28
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-15

Plasma dielectric barrier discharge fluorination modified epoxy resin and its ageing behavior

1.
Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

摘要

摘要: 等离子体对材料的改性效果随放置时间会有所减弱，即表现出一定的时效性，限制了等离子体改性技术的进一步发展。为了探究等离子体介质阻挡放电（DBD）氟化改性环氧树脂的时效性，利用等离子体介质阻挡放电实现了环氧树脂表面氟化改性，并利用扫描电镜（SEM）、表面轮廓仪、X射线光电子能谱分析（XPS）、接触角测试仪、高阻计和闪络电压、表面电位测试系统对改性前和改性后放置在25 ℃老化箱中0～30 d的环氧树脂表面进行了物理形貌和化学组分的表征以及电气性能的测试。测试结果表明，DBD氟化改性实现了氟元素在环氧树脂表面接枝，这使得环氧树脂表面能降低，表面电阻率减小，陷阱能级变浅，从而加快了表面电位衰减速度，进而提升了沿面闪络电压。同时，等离子体DBD氟化改性环氧树脂表现出一定的时效性，放置30 d后，氟元素含量减少，表面能增大，表面电位衰减速度略有减慢，闪络电压也有所下降，但仍高于未处理的试样。
- 等离子体 /
- 氟化改性 /
- 环氧树脂 /
- 时效性 /
- 沿面闪络 /
- 表面电荷
Abstract: The modification effect of plasma on the material will be weakened with the storage time, that is, it shows a certain timeliness, which limits further development of plasma modification technology. To explore ageing behavior of plasma dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) fluorinated epoxy resin, the surface fluorination of epoxy resin was realized by plasma dielectric barrier discharge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface profilometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle tester, high resistance meter, flashover voltage and surface potential testing system were used to characterize the physical morphology, chemical composition and electrical properties of epoxy resin surface before modification as well as being placed in 25 ℃ aging box for 0−30 d after modification. The experimental results show that fluoride grafting on the surface of epoxy resin is realized by DBD fluorination modification, which reduces the surface energy, surface resistivity and trap level of epoxy resin, thus speeds up the surface potential decay rate and increases the flashover voltage along the surface. After storage of 30 d, the fluorine content decreased, the surface energy increased, the attenuation rate of surface potential slowed down slightly, and the flashover voltage also decreased, but it is still higher than that of the untreated sample.
- plasma /
- fluorination modification /
- epoxy resin /
- timeliness /
- surface flashover /
- surface charge

HTML全文

图 1 环氧树脂试样制备流程

Figure 1. Preparation process of epoxy resin sample

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 等离子体DBD氟化改性平台

Figure 2. Plasma DBD fluorination modification platform

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 李萨如图，P＝16.05 W

Figure 3. Lissajous figure, P＝16.05 W

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 表面电位衰减特性测试系统

Figure 4. Surface potential attenuation characteristic test system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 沿面闪络电压测试系统

Figure 5. Surface flashover voltage test system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 处理前后环氧树脂表面轮廓

Figure 6. Surface profile of epoxy resin before and after treatment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 处理前后环氧树脂表面轮廓

Figure 7. Roughness test results

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 SEM扫描结果

Figure 8. SEM images betore and after fluorination treatment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 XPS测试结果

Figure 9. XPS test results

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 不同处理时间的试样C元素分峰图谱

Figure 10. Peak patterns of C element in samples not treated and treated for 5 min then stored for different time

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 水接触角测量结果

Figure 11. Water contact angle test results

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 表面自由能测试结果

Figure 12. Surface free energy test results

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 表面电导率测试

Figure 13. Surface conductivity test

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 试样表面电位衰减曲线

Figure 14. Initial potential on the sample surface

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 表面电位衰减测试结果

Figure 15. Surface potential attenuation test results

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 表面陷阱特性曲线

Figure 16. Surface trap characteristic curves

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 17 闪络电压测试结果

Figure 17. Test results of flashover voltage

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 试样表面Al，C，O，F原子分数

Table 1. Atom fraction of Al, C, O and F atoms on the surface of the sample

element	atom fraction/%
	0 d				7 d			30 d
	0 min	1 min	3 min	5 min	1 min	3 min	5 min	1 min	3 min	5 min
Al	0.25	0.22	0.26	0.5	0.21	0.24	0.58	0.28	0.21	0.66
C	66.43	51.34	47.33	48.99	51.49	48.46	50.31	53.44	49.53	54.45
O	33.26	17.21	11.99	11.85	17.57	13.77	18.79	17.58	16.7	22.14
F	0.06	31.23	40.41	38.66	30.73	37.53	30.32	28.69	33.56	22.76

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(37)

[1]	王婷婷, 章程, 张福增, 等. 氧含量对大气压等离子体薄膜沉积提高环氧树脂沿面耐压的影响[J]. 高电压技术, 2020, 46(10):3708-3714. (Wang Tingting, Zhang Cheng, Zhang Fuzeng, et al. Effect of oxygen concentration on improvement of surface pressure resistance of epoxy resin by atmospheric pressure plasma deposition[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2020, 46(10): 3708-3714
[2]	Li Shengtao, Yu Shihu, Feng Yang. Progress in and prospects for electrical insulating materials[J]. High Voltage, 2016, 1(3): 122-129. doi: 10.1049/hve.2016.0034
[3]	杨雯捷, 王勐, 李逢, 等. 软X射线辐照对绝缘材料沿面闪络性能的影响[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2015, 27:095002. (Yang Wenjie, Wang Meng, Li Feng, et al. Impact of soft X-ray irradiation on surface flashover performance of insulating material[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2015, 27: 095002 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201527.095002
[4]	谢庆, 刘熊, 吴高林, 等. SF₆中环氧树脂纳秒脉冲沿面闪络实验研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(24):6727-6735. (Xie Qing, Liu Xiong, Wu Gaolin, et al. Experiment study of surface flashover on epoxy resin discharged by nanosecond pulses in SF₆[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(24): 6727-6735
[5]	齐波, 高春嘉, 赵林杰, 等. 交/直流电压下气体绝缘变电站盆式绝缘子表面电荷对闪络电压的影响[J]. 高电压技术, 2017, 43(3):915-922. (Qi Bo, Gao Chunjia, Zhao Linjie, et al. Influence of surface charge on flashover voltage of gas insulated substation basin insulator under AC and DC voltage[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2017, 43(3): 915-922
[6]	柯昌凤, 刘文元, 段荔, 等. 表面改性对绝缘子真空沿面闪络特性的影响[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2014, 26:065010. (Ke Changfeng, Liu Wenyuan, Duan Li, et al. Influence of surface modification on vacuum flashover performance of insulators[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2014, 26: 065010 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201426.065010
[7]	章程, 邵涛, 严萍. 纳秒脉冲介质阻挡放电在聚合物绝缘材料表面改性中的应用[J]. 绝缘材料, 2014, 47(2):1-7. (Zhang Cheng, Shao Tao, Yan Ping. Application of nanosecond pulse dielectric barrier discharge in surface modification of polymer insulating materials[J]. Insulating Materials, 2014, 47(2): 1-7 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-9239.2014.02.001
[8]	冉昭玉, 杜伯学, 李进, 等. 输电管道中环氧树脂绝缘子氟化改性研究现状[J]. 广东电力, 2018, 31(8):18-26. (Ran Zhaoyu, Du Boxue, Li Jin, et al. Research status of fluorination modification of epoxy resin insulators in transmission pipelines[J]. Guangdong Electric Power, 2018, 31(8): 18-26
[9]	郭跃文, 刘文元, 霍艳坤, 等. 表面喷砂对有机玻璃沿面闪络性能影响[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2020, 32:065002. (Guo Yuewen, Liu Wenyuan, Huo Yankun, et al. Influence of surface sand blasting treatment on vacuum surface flashover characteristics of PMMA insulator[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2020, 32: 065002
[10]	梅丹华, 方志, 邵涛. 大气压低温等离子体特性与应用研究现状[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(4):1339-1358. (Mei Danhua, Fang Zhi, Shao Tao. Recent progress on characteristics and applications of atmospheric pressure low temperature plasmas[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(4): 1339-1358
[11]	江汇, 余德平, 吕程, 等. 层流等离子体制备球形氧化铝粉末的实验研究[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2018, 30:079002. (Jiang Hui, Yu Deping, Lü Cheng, et al. Experimental study on preparation of spherical alumina powder by laminar plasma jet[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2018, 30: 079002 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201830.170500
[12]	Huang Bangdou, Zhang Cheng, Adamovich I, et al. Surface ionization wave propagation in the nanosecond pulsed surface dielectric barrier discharge: the influence of dielectric material and pulse repetition rate[J]. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, 2020, 29: 044001. doi: 10.1088/1361-6595/ab7854
[13]	Huang Bangdou, Zhang Cheng, Zhu Wenchao, et al. Ionization waves in nanosecond pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma jets in argon[J]. High Voltage, 2021. doi: 10.1049/hve2.12067
[14]	林浩凡, 王瑞雪, 谢庆, 等. 等离子体射流快速改性促进表面电荷衰减[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32(16):256-264. (Lin Haofan, Wang Ruixue, Xie Qing, et al. Rapid surface modification by plasma jet to promote surface charge decaying[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(16): 256-264
[15]	Shao Tao, Zhou Yixiao, Zhang Cheng, et al. Surface modification of polymethyl-methacrylate using atmospheric pressure argon plasma jets to improve surface flashover performance in vacuum[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2015, 22(3): 1747-1754. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2015.7116373
[16]	Shao Tao, Yang Wenjin, Zhang Cheng, et al. Enhanced surface flashover strength in vacuum of polymethylmethacrylate by surface modification using atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2014, 105: 071607. doi: 10.1063/1.4893884
[17]	海彬, 章程, 王瑞雪, 等. 等离子体沉积类SiO₂薄膜抑制环氧树脂表面电荷积聚[J]. 高电压技术, 2017, 43(2):375-384. (Hai Bin, Zhang Cheng, Wang Ruixue, et al. Plasma depositing SiO₂-like film to suppress surface charge accumulation on epoxy resin[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2017, 43(2): 375-384
[18]	Ishikawa S, Yukimura K, Matsunaga K, et al. The surface modification of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) film using dielectric barrier discharge of intermittent pulse voltage[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2000, 130(1): 52-56. doi: 10.1016/S0257-8972(00)00688-5
[19]	Chen Weimin, Zhou Xiaoyan, Zhang Xiaotao, et al. Fast enhancement on hydrophobicity of poplar wood surface using low-pressure dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) plasma[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2017, 407: 412-417. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.02.048
[20]	李至仁, 刘禹佳, 胡蕊, 等. 等离子体处理工艺对聚乙烯木塑复合材料表面时效性的影响[J]. 化学与粘合, 2015, 37(5):325-328. (Li Zhiren, Liu Yujia, Hu Rui, et al. The effect of plasma treatment on the surface aging of polyethylene wood plastics composites[J]. Chemistry and Adhesion, 2015, 37(5): 325-328
[21]	刘杨, 邸明伟. 聚合物等离子体表面改性时效性的研究进展[J]. 粘接, 2011, 32(3):79-83. (Liu Yang, Di Mingwei. Research progress of ageing effect of plasma surface modification for polymer materials[J]. Adhesion in China, 2011, 32(3): 79-83 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5922.2011.03.018
[22]	Abenojar J, Torregrosa-Coque R, Martínez Miguel A, et al. Surface modifications of polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) copolymer by treatment with atmospheric plasma[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2009, 203(16): 2173-2180. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.01.037
[23]	王静, 孟伶智, 任航, 等. 等离子体处理的时效性对芳Ⅲ/双马复合材料耐湿热性能的影响[J]. 装备环境工程, 2018, 15(2):41-44. (Wang Jing, Meng Lingzhi, Ren Hang, et al. Effects of plasma aging behaviour on damp heat resistance of aramid fiber Ⅲ/BMI composite[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering, 2018, 15(2): 41-44
[24]	Zhang Cheng, Ma Yiyang, Kong Fei, et al. Atmospheric pressure plasmas and direct fluorination treatment of Al₂O₃-filled epoxy resin: A comparison of surface charge dissipation[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2019, 362: 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.01.081
[25]	马翊洋, 章程, 孔飞, 等. 次大气压介质阻挡放电处理环氧树脂对表面电荷消散的影响及老化特性[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(22):5168-5177. (Ma Yiyang, Zhang Cheng, Kong Fei, et al. Surface treatment of epoxy resin by sub-atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge: the effect on surface charge dissipation and aging characteristics[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(22): 5168-5177
[26]	Luner P E, Oh E. Characterization of the surface free energy of cellulose ether films[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2001, 181(1/3): 31-48.
[27]	Morent R, De Geyter N, Leys C, et al. Study of the ageing behaviour of polymer films treated with a dielectric barrier discharge in air, helium and argon at medium pressure[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2007, 201(18): 7847-7854. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.03.018
[28]	Tursi A, De Vietro N, Beneduci A, et al. Low pressure plasma functionalized cellulose fiber for the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons polluted water[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019, 373: 773-782. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.022
[29]	高文强, 张博雅, 张贵新. 硅橡胶材料表面电荷消散现象[J]. 高电压技术, 2017, 43(2):468-475. (Gao Wenqiang, Zhang Boya, Zhang Guixin. Surface charge decay on silicone rubber materia[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2017, 43(2): 468-475
[30]	Que Longkai, An Zhenlian, Ma Yong, et al. Improved DC flashover performance of epoxy insulators in SF₆ gas by direct fluorination[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2017, 24(2): 1153-1161. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2017.006112
[31]	Li Jianying, Zhou Fusheng, Min Daomin, et al. The energy distribution of trapped charges in polymers based on isothermal surface potential decay model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2015, 22(3): 1723-1732. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2015.7116370
[32]	詹振宇, 阮浩鸥, 律方成, 等. 等离子体氟化改性环氧树脂及其在C₄F₇N/CO₂混合气体中电气性能研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(8):1787-1798. (Zhan Zhenyu, Ruan Haoou, Lü Fangcheng, et al. Plasma fluorinated epoxy resin and its insulation properties in C₄F₇N/CO₂ mixed gas[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(8): 1787-1798
[33]	张贵新, 张博雅, 王强, 等. 高压直流GIL中盆式绝缘子表面电荷积聚与消散的实验研究[J]. 高电压技术, 2015, 41(5):1430-1436. (Zhang Guixin, Zhang Boya, Wang Qiang, et al. Experiment study of surface charge accumulation and decay on a cone-type insulator in HVDC GIL[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(5): 1430-1436
[34]	律方成, 刘春博, 詹振宇, 等. 等离子体氟化纳米SiC/环氧复合涂层对环氧树脂闪络特性的影响[J]. 高电压技术, 2020, 46(7):2444-2452. (Lü Fangcheng, Liu Chunbo, Zhan Zhenyu, et al. Effect of plasma fluorinated nano-SiC/epoxy composite coating on the flashover characteristics of epoxy resin[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2020, 46(7): 2444-2452
[35]	Shen Wenwei, Mu Haibao, Zhang Guanjun, et al. Identification of electron and hole trap based on isothermal surface potential decay model[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2013, 113: 083706. doi: 10.1063/1.4792491
[36]	刘畅, 宋法伦, 朱明冬, 等. 氮离子注入对聚四氟乙烯表面电荷积聚和消散特性的影响[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2020, 32:075001. (Liu Chang, Song Falun, Zhu Mingdong, et al. Influence of nitrogen ion implantation on surface charge accumulation and dissipation of polytetrafluoroethylene[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2020, 32: 075001
[37]	Simmons J G, Tam M C. Theory of isothermal currents and the direct determination of trap parameters in semiconductors and insulators containing arbitrary trap distributions[J]. Physical Review B, 1973, 7(8): 3706-3713. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.7.3706