Laser driven dynamic compression of materials
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摘要: 激光驱动动态压缩实验是极端高压高密度研究的主要途径,在多个学科领域具有重要意义,包括地球行星科学,材料科学以及惯性约束聚变,有助于认识极端条件下的材料特性并拓展其在各学科的应用。近年来激光驱动压缩技术在激光装置、激光等离子体、制靶和诊断技术的同步提升下取得了突破性的进展,与其他极端条件实验平台相比,其斜波压缩、复杂路径、衰减冲击等新型加载路径得到快速发展,微介观诊断技术和宏观诊断技术相结合,具有明确的超高压、高温、高应变率以及高同步精度等技术特色。从激光驱动材料压缩的热力学路径、激光驱动的机制与特色、激光驱动实验技术、材料极端压缩物理进展等方面介绍激光驱动实验和理论方面的进展。Abstract: Laser driven dynamic compression experiments play the central role in extreme pressure and density research, and are important to a number of fields, including planetary geophysics, material science, and inertial confinement fusion, benefit to improve understandings of properties of materials at extreme conditions and their applications. Recently laser driven compression techniques have been developing quickly together with laser facility, laser plasma interaction, target fabrication and diagnostic techniques. On contrast to other loading platform, it is good at ramp compression, decaying shock compression and complex loading path, and allows micro-scale probe combined with macro-scale measurements, ultra-high pressure and strain rate. This review summarizes this technique from the aspects of thermodynamics of compression, laser drive mechanism, laser drive experimental techniques and recent advances of extreme compression of materials.
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Key words:
- dynamic high pressure /
- laser dive /
- extreme conditions /
- properties of material /
- planetary science
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图 8 激光间接驱动冲击与斜波压缩实验研究示例[37-38]
Figure 8. Example of a laser indirect driven shock+ramp compression experiment[37-38]
(a) ramped laser power vs time pulse shape that creats a ramped radiation temperature profile, thus providing a ramped pressure profile in the sample on the side of the hohlraum; (b) raw VISAR data of the stepped free surface velocity of sample; (c) analyzed free surface velocity for the different steps, and the Lagrangian sound speed vs free surface velocity; (d) ramp compression equation of state starting from first shocked state
图 11 轻气炮实验中用(a) 16通道瞬态辐射高温计测量的铁/LiF界面谱亮度原始数据以及(b)处理后给出的拟合普朗克曲线及温度和发射率[59]
Figure 11. Spectral radiance measured at the interface of iron/LiF in gas gun platform. (a) raw data of a 16-channel time resolved optical pyrometer; (b) the fitted curve to determine the temperature and emissivity of iron[59]
图 17 (a)水静态预压缩至冰VII相再进行激光冲击压缩的电子电导率数据,气炮实验中单次冲击(黑色)与多次冲击(蓝色填充)的总电导率数据[23];(b)冰VII雨贡纽线(紫色,加粗段为超离子态)和多次冲击加载原位衍射实验发现的超离子态冰XVIII相(图中红色方块和红色圆圈为fcc结构)[69]
Figure 17. (a) Electrical conductivity of water from different experiment, electronic conductivity from laser shocked water ice with static pre-compression, shock reverberation (solid blue) and principal Hugoniot (black) of water[23]; (b) experimental data from Hugoniot of water ice VII and shock reverberation of liquid water, novel superionic water ice was found as fcc structure (red)[69]
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