爆炸驱动铁电体电源快脉冲产生技术

伍友成; 刘高旻; 贺红亮; 邓建军; 戴文峰; 冯传均

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202234.210471

爆炸驱动铁电体电源快脉冲产生技术

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202234.210471

中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所，四川绵阳 621900

基金项目: 国家高技术发展计划项目

详细信息

作者简介:
伍友成，wuyoch@sina.com

中图分类号: TM89
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-08
- 修回日期: 2022-02-21
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-16
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-12

Fast pulse generation technology based on explosive driven ferroelectric generators

Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China

摘要

摘要: 以发展轻小型高电压脉冲驱动源为出发点，提出采用爆炸驱动铁电体作为初级电源，通过电感储能与电爆炸丝断路开关进行脉冲压缩和功率放大，探索基于爆炸驱动铁电体电源的小型化高电压快脉冲产生技术。从爆炸驱动铁电体电源的全电路模型和铁电陶瓷材料特性出发，通过理论分析和仿真研究，分别对大电流模式和高电压模式的爆炸驱动铁电体电源的物理参数进行了设计，获得了铁电体电源工作模式和电路参数对产生高电压脉冲的影响规律，认为铁电体电源高电压模式更适合于与断路开关技术结合产生高电压快脉冲，并通过实验对该技术原理进行了验证。实验中铁电体电源输出电流约360 A、脉宽约3.8 μs，对17.5 nF电容器充电至75 kV，电容器放电后在电爆炸断路开关中产生峰值大于12 kA的脉冲电流，最终在X射线二极管负载上获得了电压峰值大于180 kV、前沿3 ns、脉宽30 ns、电流峰值3.4 kA的高电压快脉冲。
- 爆炸铁电体电源 /
- 电感储能 /
- 电爆炸断路开关 /
- 高功率 /
- 快前沿 /
- 快脉冲
Abstract: To develop a light and small high voltage pulsed power source, an innovative fast pulse technology based on an explosive driven ferroelectric generator (EDFEG) is investigated. An EDFEG is used as the primary power supply, inductive energy storage technology and an electrical exploding opening switch (EEOS) are used to generate a high-voltage fast pulse. On the basis of full-circuit simulation model of EDFEGs and the material properties of ferroelectric ceramics, the circuit simulation research on this fast pulse technology is carried out. The simulation results reveal the influence of circuit parameters on high voltage pulse generation. The research shows that the high-voltage mode of EDFEGs is more suitable for generating high-voltage fast pulse combined with EEOS technology. As a result, the principle of this technology is verified in experiments. In the experiment, the output current of an EDFEG was about 360 A and its pulse width was about 3.8 μs. The charging voltage of a 17.5 nF capacitor was 75 kV. After the capacitor was discharged, a pulse current with a peak value greater than 12 kA was generated in an EEOS. Finally, a high-voltage fast pulse with a voltage peak value greater than 180 kV, a rise time of 3 ns, a pulse width of 30 ns and a current peak of 3.4 kA was obtained on an X-ray diode load.
- explosive driven ferroelectric generator /
- inductive energy storage /
- electrical exploding opening switch /
- high power /
- fast rising time /
- fast pulse

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图 1 大电流模式EDFEG驱动储能电感与断路开关电路图

Figure 1. Circuit schematic of an energy-storage inductor and an EEOS powered by a high current-mode EDFEG

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图 2 未并联电容时电感中电流及负载电压仿真波形

Figure 2. Simulation waveforms of inductance current I_L and load voltage U_d without parallel capacitors

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图 3 并联 300 nF 电容时电感中电流及负载电压仿真波形

Figure 3. Simulation waveforms of inductance current and load voltage when a 300 nF capacitor is connected in parallel

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图 4 EDFEG电压源模式驱动电感储能-断路开关电路图

Figure 4. Circuit schematic of an energy-storage inductor and an EEOS powered by a high voltage-mode EDFEG

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图 5 EDFEG 输出电流和电容器电压仿真波形

Figure 5. Simulation waveforms of output current of EDFEG and charging voltage of the capacitor

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图 6 EDFEG 电压源模式负载电压优化波形

Figure 6. Optimized waveform of load voltage powered by high-voltage mode EDFEG

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图 7 不同电感参数仿真负载电压波形

Figure 7. Simulation load voltages U_R for different inductances

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图 8 电感电流I_L、负载电压U_R和电流I_R的试验波形

Figure 8. Experimental inductor current I_L, load voltage U_R and load current I_R

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图 9 EDFEG 试验输出电流I_EDFEG和电容器充电电压U_C

Figure 9. Experimental output current I_EDFEG of EDFEG and charging voltage (U_C) of the capacitor

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图 10 EDFEG 试验电感电流I_L和二极管电压U_d、电流I_R

Figure 10. Experimental inductor current I_L, diode voltage U_d and diode current I_R powered by the EDFEG

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表 1 不同参数时电感中的电流和EDFEG主要设计参数

Table 1. Simulation results of the current through the inductance and design parameters of the EDFEG

I₀/kA	I_L/kA	U₀/kV	m×n	A_shock/cm²	I_L/kA	U₀/kV	m×n	A_shock/cm²	I_L/kA	U₀/kV	m×n	A_shock/cm²
I₀/kA	L=0.2 μH				L=1.0 μH				L=2.0 μH
5.0	7.9	5.8	114×1	70	8.3	21.6	114×3	210	8.9	45.8	114×7	490
7.5	11.8	9.7	170×2	204	13.1	28.2	170×4	408	13.4	63.2	170×9	918
15	23.5	17.4	340×3	612	26.2	54.3	340×8	1632	26.5	120.6	340×25	4335

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表 2 不同去极化电流和电感条件下优化的金属丝参数及负载电压与脉宽的仿真结果

Table 2. Optimized parameters of EEOS and simulation results of the voltage and pulse width

I₀/kA	N	l/mm	U_d/kV	τ/ns	N	l/mm	U_d/kV	τ/ns	N	l/mm	U_d/kV	τ/ns
I₀/kA	L=0.2 μH				L=1.0 μH				L=2.0 μH
5.0	3	20	58	17	5	60	109	37	5	90	150	60
7.5	5	30	74	15	7	90	160	38	9	130	213	61
15.0	9	50	140	16	14	160	320	36	15	280	434	62

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表 3 EDFEG电压源模式不同条件的计算结果

Table 3. Simulation results with EDFEG in high-voltage mode

C/nF	U_c/kV	N	l/mm	U_d/kV	τ/ns	N	l/mm	U_d/kV	τ/ns	N	l/mm	U_d/kV	τ/ns
C/nF	U_c/kV	L=0.3 μH				L=0.4 μH				L=1.0 μH
15.1	100	4	90	256	19	4	90	238	22	4	100	182	62
18.7	90	5	90	245	19	4	90	224	24	4	100	176	64
22.7	85	5	90	239	20	5	90	220	26	4	100	172	67

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表 4 脉冲电容器75 kV/17.5 nF工作参数条件下模拟计算结果

Table 4. Simulation results with parameters 75 kV/17.5 nF of the capacitor

l/mm	U_d/kV	τ/ns	l/mm	U_d/kV	τ/ns	l/mm	U_d/kV	τ/ns
L=300 nH，N=4			L=400 nH，N=4			L=1000 nH，N=3
80	206	20	80	190	25	90	144	56

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表 5 脉冲电容器75 kV/17.5 nF工作参数条件下计算结果与试验结果

Table 5. Simulation results and experimental results with parameters 75 kV/17.5 nF of the capacitor

item	U_d/kV	t_r/ ns	τ/ns	U_d/kV	t_r/ ns	τ/ns	U_d/kV	t_r/ ns	τ/ns
item	L=298 nH，N=4			L=397 nH，N=4			L=445 nH，N=4
simulation results	193	3.5	19	174	3.7	24	163	4.2	27
experiment results	167	3.6	25	157	3.5	32	147	3.3	39

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