10 GW dual-spiral Blumlein pulse forming lines in glycerol medium
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摘要: 为实现脉冲驱动源的高储能密度和紧凑化，研制了一种以甘油为储能介质，具有中筒螺旋和内筒螺旋的高功率双螺旋Blumlein脉冲形成线（BPFL）。首先，综合绝缘稳定性和储能密度考虑，分别计算BPFL的外线和内线尺寸。利用增加中筒和内筒螺旋的方式增加输出脉宽和形成线阻抗，实现BPFL的紧凑化设计。其次，利用场路协同仿真软件计算形成线内的瞬态场位形变化，结合瞬态场分布分析电压波在形成线内的传输过程，给出外线和内线传输时延的仿真结果。在此基础上，对中筒螺旋匝数、内筒螺旋匝数，以及开关电感等影响输出波形质量的情况进行详细分析。最后，根据仿真优化结果搭建基于双螺旋BPFL的10 GW实验平台。利用脉冲变压器对BPFL充电600 kV，在10 Hz重频条件下运行10 s，于50 Ω负载上产生峰值电压712 kV、半高宽136 ns的准方波脉冲，单脉冲能量与BPFL体积比达到10.8 kJ/m3，脉冲平顶峰峰值抖动为3.8%，与仿真结果吻合度较高。
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关键词:
- 螺旋脉冲形成线 /
- Blumlein脉冲形成线 /
- 甘油 /
- 长脉冲 /
- 脉冲功率技术
Abstract: To achieve high energy storage density and compact design of pulsed power source, a high power dual-spiral Blumlein pulse forming line (BPFL) using glycerol as energy storage medium is developed. The dual-spiral BPFL has a spiral middle cylinder and a spiral inner cylinder. Firstly, based on the consideration of insulation stability and energy storage density, the outer line and the inner line dimensions of the BPFL are calculated respectively. The output pulse width and line impedance are increased by adding the spiral on the middle cylinder and inner cylinder. Secondly, the transient field configuration in the BPFL is simulated by using the EM/circuit co-simulation software, and the transmission process of voltage wave in the BPFL is analyzed by the transient field distribution. The simulation results of the transmission delay in the outer line and the inner line are carried out. On this basis, the number of spiral turns in the middle cylinder and inner cylinder, and the inductance of the switch that affect the quality of the output waveform are analyzed. Finally, a 10 GW experimental platform based on dual-spiral BPFL is built according to the simulation optimization results. A pulse transformer is used to charge the BPFL to 600 kV. The device operated for 10 s under the frequency of 10 Hz. A quasi-square pulse with peak voltage of 712 kV and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 136 ns was generated on a 50 Ω load. The ratio of single pulse energy to BPFL volume is 10.8 kJ/m3. And the peak-peak jitter of the pulse flat top is 3.8%, which has a high fitness with the simulation results. -
图 5 双螺旋BPFL内对应图4不同时刻的瞬态场分布
Figure 5. Transient E-field distribution of dual-spiral BPFL at different points in Fig.4
图 6 充电时双螺旋BPFL内的行波传输示意图
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of traveling wave transmission in spiral BPFL during charging
图 7 中筒螺旋匝数对输出脉冲的影响(Ni=7, L=120 nH)
Figure 7. Effect of Nm on the output pulse (Ni=7, L=120 nH)
图 8 内筒螺旋匝数对输出脉冲的影响(Nm=3, L=120 nH)
Figure 8. Effect of Ni on the output pulse (Nm=3, L=120 nH)
图 9 脉冲前沿阶段双螺旋BPFL内的瞬态场分布(Ni=1)
Figure 9. Transient E-field distribution of dual-spiral BPFL during the rising edge (Ni=1)
图 10 开关电感对输出脉冲的影响 (Nm=3, Ni=7)
Figure 10. Effect of switching inductance on the output pulse (Nm=3, Ni=7)
图 13 10 Hz重频输出100个连续脉冲
Figure 13. 100 successive experimental waveforms at PRF of 10 Hz (blue waveform is the output voltage, light blue is the charging voltage, and yellow is the trigger signal)
表 1 不同中筒螺旋匝数输出脉冲特征参数
Table 1. Output pulse characteristic parameters with different Nm
Nm rising edge (10%～90%)/ns FWHM/ns peak voltage/kV peak-peak jitter/% 1 61.3 103.00 891 no flat top 2 50.4 113.70 893 no flat top 3 37.3 132.00 751 4 4 32.4 154.75 726 12 5 35.6 183.00 701 22 
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表 2 不同内筒螺旋匝数输出脉冲特征参数
Table 2. Output pulse characteristic parameters with different Ni
Ni rising edge (10%～90%)/ns FWHM/ns peak voltage/kV peak-peak jitter/% 1 76.5 120.4 801 no flat top 2 66.5 123.3 814 no flat top 3 50.6 126.8 852 23 4 37.3 132.0 751 4 5 40.2 133.6 770 6
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表 3 不同开关电感输出脉冲特征参数(Nm=3, Ni=7)
Table 3. Output pulse characteristic parameters with different switch inductance L (Nm=3, Ni=7)
L/nH rising edge (10%～90%)/ns FWHM/ns peak voltage/kV peak-peak jitter/% 40 29.9 125.6 855 29 80 32.5 130.0 760 17 120 37.3 132.0 751 4 160 40.4 136.0 773 12 200 49.7 139.4 790 17
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