Power synthesis method of ricker pulsed and radiation efficiency
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摘要: 针对时域天线辐射效率低的问题，对Ricker脉冲展开了研究。首先指出Ricker脉冲具有较高的中心频率，对提高天线的辐射效率大有裨益。然后从时延量精确控制出发，阐述了产生Ricker脉冲的功率合成方法。设计了一款单极脉冲源并采用锐化电容法优化了其下降沿，并以该单级脉冲源为基础，设计了一款峰峰值为5.1 kV，主峰半峰值脉宽为350 ps的Ricker脉冲源，其中心频率为0.5 GHz。为了验证以上分析的正确性，针对全金属的时域天线，提出了一种计算辐射效率的简便方法，并利用设计的Ricker脉冲和具有相同脉宽的单极脉冲来激励相同的天线。结果表明，单极脉冲的幅度辐射效率只有60%左右，而Ricker脉冲可以达到80%以上；单极脉冲的功率辐射效率不到40%，而Ricker脉冲则可以提高到60%以上。推导出合成高阶高斯脉冲最优延时的理论公式，提出了一种计算全金属类天线时域辐射效率的简便方法。利用Ricker脉冲做为激励信号，大幅提升了天线的辐射效率，大大减小了发射系统被反射功率损坏的风险，同时对天线小型化有着重要意义，在诸如探地雷达、高功率微波源等时域应用中具有广泛的应用前景。Abstract: This article investigates the Ricker pulse to address the issue of low radiation efficiency in time-domain antennas. Firstly, it highlights the high center frequency of the Ricker pulse, which is advantageous for improving antenna radiation efficiency. This article then proceeds to explain the power synthesis method for generating Ricker pulses, starting with precise time delay control. It describes the design of a unipolar pulse and the optimization of its falling edge using the sharpening capacitor method. With this unipolar pulse as a foundation, a Ricker pulse is designed, featuring a peak-to-peak value of 5.1 kV, a main peak half-width of 350 ps, and a center frequency of 0.5 GHz. To verify the correctness of the analysis, the article proposes a simple method to calculate the radiation efficiency of all-metal time-domain antennas. Both the designed Ricker pulse and a single-pole pulse with the same pulse width are used to excite the same antenna. The results demonstrate that the amplitude radiation efficiency of the single-pole pulse is only about 60%. In contrast, the Ricker pulse achieves over 80% efficiency. Similarly, the power radiation efficiency of the single-pole pulse is less than 40%, while the Ricker pulse can exceed 60% efficiency. This article derives a theoretical formula for the optimal delay of synthesizing high-order Gaussian pulses and proposes a simplified method for calculating the time-domain radiation efficiency of all-metal antennas. The utilization of Ricker pulses as excitation has proven to be highly effective in enhancing the radiation efficiency of antennas, thereby minimizing the potential damage to transmission systems caused by reflected power. Additionally, this technique holds immense value in antenna miniaturization and exhibits promising applications in time-domain technologies like ground penetrating radar and high-power microwave sources.
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Key words:
- pulsed power synthesis /
- ricker pulse /
- time-domain antenna /
- center frequency /
- radiation efficiency
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图 1 零阶信号和二阶信号的波形及频谱分布
Figure 1. Waveform and spectral distribution of zero-order and second-order signal
图 2 Ricker脉冲功率合成方案框图
Figure 2. Block diagram of Ricker pulse’s power synthesis technique
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