A compact PFN-Marx repetitive pulsed power source
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摘要: 针对低磁场相对论磁控管高功率微波器件实验驱动需求，对基于脉冲形成网络（PFN）储能的高功率脉冲产生技术进行了研究。为了使其结构紧凑且具有较好的输出脉冲波形，设计了半环形PFN脉冲形成单元，两个半环形带状PFN与一体化开关、绝缘盘组成圆环形高压脉冲产生模块。PFN脉冲形成单元由13个陶瓷电容与半环形金属电极板构成，多个高压脉冲产生模块同轴层叠，所有开关导通后各模块PFN串联放电，产生快前沿高功率方波脉冲，再通过对触发开关和充电电源的同步控制实现重频工作。采用电磁仿真软件对PFN物理结构进行优化设计，研制的高压脉冲产生模块充电51 kV在负载8.5 Ω上输出电压峰值49.6 kV、脉冲半高宽108 ns、脉冲前沿14 ns、平顶（90%～90%）74 ns，具有较好的方波特性；11个高压脉冲产生模块层叠集成为1个22级紧凑PFN-Marx装置，在充电51 kV的条件下，84 Ω负载上获得峰值516 kV的高电压脉冲输出，半高宽104 ns、平顶63 ns、脉冲前沿11 ns，实现了20 Hz连续15 s重频稳定工作，输出波形完全一致。Abstract: A compact repetitive pulse power source is developed as an experimental platform for high power relativistic magnetron with low magnetic field. To obtain better output pulse waveform with a compact structure, the pulsed power source designed based on PFN-Marx technology has a coaxial structure. A circular pulse forming net (PFN) is devised out with the impedance of 4 Ω, working voltage of 50 kV, and electrical length of 53 ns, consisting of 13 ceramic capacitors with the capacitance of 1nF. Two PFN devices in series by a gas switch and an insulation plate form a circular high-voltage pulse generation module. Multiple pulse generation modules are coaxial and stacked in a metal cylinder. Inductive isolation is used between the modules. After all switches are turned on, all modules are discharged in series to generate a fast rising-time high-power square wave pulse. Moreover, repetitive operation is achieved through synchronous control of the trigger switch and charging power supply. In experiments the 22-stage PFN-Marx pulsed power source developed was charged to 51 kV, and a high-voltage square wave pulse of 516 kV was obtained on a load of 84 Ω, with pulse width (FWHM) of 104 ns, flat top of 63 ns and rising-time of 11 ns. This power source can operate stably at a repetition rate of 20 Hz for 15 s.
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Key words:
- pulse forming net /
- Marx generator /
- pulsed power /
- repetitive /
- compact
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图 1 高压脉冲产生模块的结构及电磁仿真模型示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the structure and electromagnetic simulation model of high-voltage pulse generation module
图 2 高压脉冲产生模块仿真电路
Figure 2. Simulation circuit of PFN high-voltage pulse generation module
图 3 高压脉冲产生模块输出电压仿真波形
Figure 3. Simulation waveform of output voltage of high-voltage pulse generation module
图 4 22级同轴PFN-Marx脉冲功率源模块化设计结构
Figure 4. Design structure of modular 22-stage coaxial PFN-Marx pulse power source
图 6 PFN-Marx功率源实验装置及负载电压实验波形
Figure 6. PFN-Marx pulse power source experimental setup and load voltage waveform
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