Generation of Transient plasma density grating induced by interaction between single laser pulse and solid-density plasma
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摘要: 通过1维粒子模拟（PIC）的方法，发现利用单束超短激光与固体密度的等离子体碳靶相互作用可以产生瞬态等离子体密度光栅。研究表明，当选取合适的激光以及等离子体参数，等离子靶后表面的反射激光与入射激光通过干涉形成驻波，然后等离子体在有质动力势和电荷分离场的调制下演化出瞬态等离子体数密度光栅。当波长在40～130 nm之间的紫外飞秒激光束和亚临界密度等离子体相互作用时，瞬态等离子密度光栅的稳定时间可达数十个皮秒，峰值密度最大可达初始数密度二十倍以上。和传统的通过双激光束干涉或者梯度靶形成等离子体光栅的方案相比，该方案只需要单束激光和均匀固体靶相互作用就可以形成，且具有更高的对比度，在实验上更容易实现。Abstract: By 1D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation, a plasma grating is produced by the interaction of a single ultra-short laser pulse with a solid-density plasma carbon target. It is found that when the appropriate laser and plasma parameters are used, the incident laser and the laser reflected by the rear-surface of the plasma target can form a standing wave, resulting in a ponderomotive force and charge-separation field that can modulate the plasma density and form a plasma density grating. Under this mechanism, we study the plasma density gratings generated by the interaction between plasma and ultraviolet laser pulses which wavelengths ranging from 40nm to 130 nm. The results show that, using a single laser pulse and a under-critical plasma target, stable plasma gratings can last more than several tens of picoseconds, with the max peak density greater than twenty times that of the initial density. Compared with traditional generation of plasma gratings with two laser beams or density-gradient plasmas, this scheme with uniform plasma is easier to be carried out.
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Key words:
- laser /
- plasma /
- grating /
- PIC simulation /
- ponderomotive force
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图 1 激光脉冲与目标靶相互作用示意图
Figure 1. Schematic of the interaction between the laser pulse and the target
图 2 离子[(a)]和电子[(b)]数密度分布随时间演化。
Figure 2. Time evolution of the ion [(a)] and electron [(b)] number density
图 3 在t=68.2 ps时刻目标靶离子与电子的数密度空间分布。
Figure 3. The number density distribution of ion and electron at t=68.2 ps
图 4 电场强度平方以及电荷分离场强度随时间演化
Figure 4. Evolution of the square of electric field intensity and the induced electrostatic field intensity
图 6 对靶厚为
$ 400\;\mathrm{n}\mathrm{m} $ 的固体靶，光栅峰值密度对激光波长的依赖关系Figure 6. Relationship between peak number density and laser wavelength when the target thickness is
$ 400\;{\mathrm{nm}} $ 
图 7 在不同的入射激光波长下，光栅峰值密度对靶厚度的依赖关系
Figure 7. Relationship between peak number density and target depth for different laser wavelengths
图 8 对
$ d=1\;000\;\mathrm{n}\mathrm{m} $ 的厚靶，光栅峰值密度对激光波长的依赖关系Figure 8. Relationship between peak number density and laser wavelength when
$ d=1\;000\;\mathrm{n}\mathrm{m} $ 
图 9 光栅峰值密度对激光功率的依赖关系
Figure 9. Relationship between peak number density and laser pulse intensities
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