Dynamics of asynchronous dual-wavelength pulse mode-locking
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摘要: 设计了基于双峰滤波的掺铒全光纤激光模型，开展异步双波长脉冲锁模动力学特性的数值模拟研究。基于同一噪声作为初始条件，分别将增益光纤饱和能量设置为15、40、55 pJ，模拟结果表明噪声最终分别演化成为单波长脉冲锁模、异步双波长脉冲锁模、孤子分子形式的异步双波长脉冲锁模，其中异步双波长脉冲生成的演化过程经历噪声脉冲、多脉冲锁模与增益竞争、稳定的异步双波长脉冲锁模3个阶段；增益光纤饱和能量的大小直接决定脉冲在增益竞争中的演化方向。脉冲碰撞过程中互相位调制作用引起的脉冲频率移动，导致时域脉冲时间抖动。Abstract: An erbium-doped all-fiber laser model based on dual-peak filter was designed, and the numerical simulation of the dynamic characteristics of asynchronous dual-wavelength pulse mode-locking was carried out. Based on the same noise as the initial condition, the saturation energy of the gain fiber is set to 15 pJ, 40 pJ and 55 pJ, respectively, and the simulation results show that the noise finally evolves into single-wavelength pulse mode-locking, asynchronous dual-wavelength pulse mode-locking, and asynchronous dual-wavelength pulse mode-locking in the form of soliton molecules, in which the evolution process of asynchronous dual-wavelength pulses goes through three stages: noise pulse generation, multi-pulse mode-locking and gain competition, and stable asynchronous dual-wavelength pulse mode-locking. The saturation energy of the gain fiber directly determines the evolution direction of the pulse in the gain competition. The pulse frequency shifts caused by cross-phase modulation during the pulse collision process, resulting in the time domain pulse time jitter.
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图 1 环形激光器模型的结构示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the structure of the ring laser model
图 2 Esat=40 pJ时Ⅰ到Ⅲ阶段的异步双波长脉冲演化过程
Figure 2. Evolution of asynchronous dual-wavelength pulses in stages I to III at Esat=40 pJ:
(a) Evolution of time-domain waveforms in stages I to III;(b) the spectral evolution process from stage I to III; (c) the cavity energy and EDF gain for different turns; (d) Time-domain waveforms and spectra of typical roundtrip during the evolution of phases I to III.
图 3 Esat=15 pJ时的异步双波长脉冲演化过程
Figure 3. Asynchronous dual-wavelength pulse evolution at Esat = 15 pJ:
(a) time-domain waveform evolution over 120 Rt; (b) spectral evolution over 120 Rt; (c) cavity energy and EDF gain for different number of turns; (d) time-domain waveform plots at steady mode locking; (e) spectral plots at steady mode locking; and (f) Time-domain waveform of Esat raised to 40 pJ based on the steady state at Esat = 15 pJ. (g) Time-domain waveform with Esat raised to 40 pJ based on the steady state at Esat=15 pJ.
图 4 Esat=55 pJ时Ⅰ到Ⅲ阶段的异步双波长脉冲演化过程
Figure 4. Asynchronous dual-wavelength pulse evolution in stages I to III at Esat=55 pJ:
(a) Time-domain waveform evolution in stages I to III;(b) the spectral evolution process from stage I to III; (c) the cavity energy and EDF gain for different turns; (d) Time-domain waveforms and spectrograms of typical roundtrip during the evolution of stages I to III.
图 5 Esat=40 pJ时双波长脉冲碰撞过程的光谱演化
Figure 5. Spectral evolution of the collision process of dual-wavelength pulses at Esat=40 pJ
表 1 环形激光器模型相关参数
Table 1. Parameters related to the ring laser model
parameters Length/m Gain coefficient Dispersion parameter/(ps2/km) Nonlinear coefficient(γ) transmittance Er-doped Fiber 1 m 5 dB/m GVD:-20.6 3/(W.km) Gaussian, 40 nm SMF 1 m 0 GVD:-23 3/(W.km) / Output Coupler / / / / 80% Saturable absorber / / / / 1-0.7/(1+I/Isat) HI1060 0.5 m 0 GVD:-7 3/(W.km) / Spectral filter / / / / Dual-peak, 4 nm 
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表 2 不同Esat条件下的脉冲特性
Table 2. Pulse characteristics with different Esat
Esat (pJ) Pulse width of
1534 nm (ps)Pulse width of
1566 vnm (ps)Spectral width of
1534 nm (nm)Spectral width of
1566 nm (nm)Peak power of
1534 nm (W)Peak power of
1566 nm (W)Pulse energy of
1534 nm (pJ)Pulse energy of
1566 nm (pJ)15 0.42 / 6.88 / 188.01 / 87.28 / 40 0.33 0.36 8.02 8.11 245.45 254.33 100.65 100.65 15 to 40 0.30,0.30 / 8.12 / 256.12，256.12 / 201.34 / 55 0.36,0.36 0.36 7.41 7.65 234.23，233.70 233.72 193.23 96.59
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