Mode distribution control of S-band MW-level high-efficiency mutual coupling magnetron
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摘要: 磁控管高效互耦锁相为基于电真空振荡器的高效率、高功率阵列提供了一种有效的技术方案。互耦结构的引入使得互耦磁控管整体上建立了新的谐振模式序列，其中满足互耦磁控管高效锁相的模式为期望的锁相模式。然而，锁相模式易受到模式序列中邻近模式的干扰，导致工作不稳定。提出一种等效电路与本征模分析相结合调控模式分布的方法，通过调控模式频率分隔，使锁相模式单模工作；同时建立磁控管工作模式与互耦结构耦合场匹配的谐振条件，实现磁控管的高效互耦锁相。为了验证该方法的有效性，设计了基于S波段MW级磁控管高效互耦模型，对锁相模式工作特性进行了粒子模拟，模拟结果表明互耦模型可以稳定工作在高效锁相模式：0相位差模式和π相位差模式，锁定频率约为2.545 GHz，接近磁控管单管自由振荡频率。每只磁控管的输出功率接近单管自由运行时的输出功率，电子效率与单管几乎相同，互耦锁相效率达到了99%，实现了高效锁相。Abstract: The high-efficiency mutual coupling phase locking of magnetron provides an effective technical solution for high-efficiency and high-power arrays based on electric vacuum oscillators. The introduction of the mutual coupling structure makes the mutual coupling magnetron establish a new resonant mode sequence, in which the mode satisfying the high-efficiency phase-locking of the mutual coupling magnetron is the desired phase-locking mode. However, the phase-locked mode is susceptible to the interference of adjacent modes in the mode sequence, resulting in unstable operation. In this paper, a method of regulating the mode distribution by combining the equivalent circuit with the eigenmode analysis is proposed. By regulating the frequency separation of the mode, the phase-locked mode can work in a single mode. At the same time, the matching resonance conditions of the magnetron working mode and the coupling field of the mutual coupling structure are established to realize efficient mutual coupling phase locking of the magnetron. To verify the effectiveness of the method, an efficient mutual coupling model based on S-band MW-level magnetron is designed, and the particle simulation of the phase-locked mode operating characteristics is carried out. The simulation results show that the mutual coupling model can work stably in the high-efficiency phase-locking modes: 0 phase difference mode and π phase difference mode. The locking frequency is about 2.545 GHz, which is close to the free oscillation frequency of the magnetron single tube. The output power of each magnetron is close to the output power of a single tube in free operation. The electronic efficiency is almost the same as that of a single tube, and the mutual coupling phase-locking efficiency reaches 99%, achieving high-efficiency phase-locking.
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Key words:
- magnetron /
- phase-locking /
- mode competition /
- power synthesis /
- vacuum electronics
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图 1 互耦振荡器锁定相位差随桥长的变化
Figure 1. Locked phase difference of the mutual coupling oscillator varies with the bridge length
图 2 高效互耦锁相磁控管简化模型
Figure 2. Simplified model of high-efficiency mutual coupling phase-locked magnetron
图 4 双管高效互耦锁相结构示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of double-tube high-efficiency mutual coupling phase-locked structure
图 5
$ {L}_{\mathrm{c}}={\lambda }_{\mathrm{g}} $ /2时的π相位差模场分布图和$ {L}_{\mathrm{c}}={\lambda }_{\mathrm{g}} $ 时的0相位差模、π-模、π+模场分布图Figure 5. Electric field distributions of π phase difference mode at
$ {L}_{\mathrm{c}}={\lambda }_{\mathrm{g}} $ /2 and 0 phase difference mode, π- mode, π+ mode at$ {L}_{\mathrm{c}}={\lambda }_{\mathrm{g}} $ 
图 6 模式频率随桥长的变化，其中实线代表理论曲线，散点代表仿真结果，阴影部分为吻合区
Figure 6. Mode frequency varies with the bridge length, where the solid line represents the theoretical curve and the scattered points represent the simulation results , and the shadow part is the overlapping area
图 8
$ {L}_{\mathrm{c}}={\lambda }_{\mathrm{g}}/2 $ 时的粒子模拟结果Figure 8. PIC results at
$ {L}_{\mathrm{c}}={\lambda }_{\mathrm{g}}/2 $ 
图 10 不同
$ \mathrm{\alpha } $ 对应的输出信号傅里叶变换频谱Figure 10. Fourier transform spectrum of the output signal corresponding to different α
图 11 不同对应的频谱中各频率峰处的场分布
Figure 11. Field distribution at each frequency peak in the spectrums corresponding to different
$ \alpha $ 
图 12
$ {L}_{\mathrm{c}}={\lambda }_{\mathrm{g}} $ 时的粒子模拟结果Figure 12. PIC results at
$ {L}_{\mathrm{c}}={\lambda }_{\mathrm{g}} $ 表 1 不同α对应的频率分隔
Table 1. Frequency separation corresponding to different α
α flow/GHz flocking/GHz fhigh/GHz |flocking−flow|/GHz |flocking−fhigh|/GHz 0.7 2.443 2.573 − 0.130 − 1.0 2.340 2.545 2.755 0.205 0.210 1.1 2.315 2.542 2.731 0.227 0.189 1.3 − 2.515 2.630 − 0.115 
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