Technology and application of magnetic switches for solid-state high power pulsed generators
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摘要: 磁开关具有高功率、高重频、高稳定、长寿命等特点，在脉冲功率领域得到了重要应用。首先，介绍了磁开关技术的发展现状。然后，建立了一种磁开关场路协同仿真模型，分析了不同脉冲宽度下磁开关的磁场扩散及饱和动态特性、层间绝缘特性和损耗特性等；研究了磁芯几何结构对磁开关动态特性的影响。最后，阐述了磁开关技术在固态化高功率脉冲驱动源的应用，以及两路脉冲源合成时磁开关的同步技术。Abstract: Because of its high repetition rate and reliability, solid-state pulsed power generator is an important aspect of pulsed power technology. The solid-state switches play a critical role in this technology, and among them the magnetic switch stands out due to its long lifespan, high power capacity and free of maintenance. This manuscript delves into the key technologies and typical applications of magnetic switches. Furthermore, utilizing a field-circuit co-simulation model of magnetic switches, the manuscript analyzes the working characteristics of magnetic cores. The model includes processes like magnetic core saturation, interlamination electric field strength, and energy loss across various time scales. Additionally, the manuscript explores the influence of magnetic core geometry. Finally, it presents applications utilizing magnetic switch technology, such as compact solid-state high-power pulse generators and magnetic synchronization technology.
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图 2 串联磁压缩网络原理图及典型输出的电压、功率波形
Figure 2. Schematic and typical output waveforms of the magnetic compression network under serial connection
图 3 并联磁压缩网络原理图及典型输出的电压、功率波形
Figure 3. Schematic and typical output waveforms of the magnetic compression network under parallel connection
图 5 固态化瞬态强场测试平台的电路示意图
Figure 5. Schematic of the solid-state transient intense field test platform
图 8 磁开关模型及μs时间尺度的结果验证
Figure 8. Model and verified experimental results of the magnetic switch
图 10 磁芯工作周期中的能量损耗
Figure 10. Energy consumption in a working circle of the magnetic core
图 11 磁开关径向与纵向电场强度分布按照百纳秒级脉冲下的归一化结果
Figure 11. Radial and longitudinal interlamination electric field distribution in the magnetic core
图 12 脉冲形成网络放电回路的电路原理图及结果
Figure 12. Model and results of the magnetic switch circuit modulating pulse forming networks
图 13 三种结构磁开关电压波形以及负载电压波形（tsat_in_S1、tsat_out_S1分别为结构一磁芯最内侧与最外侧磁性带材的饱和时刻，其余依次类比）
Figure 13. Voltage on the magnetic switch and the circuit on the load under three structure (tsat_in_S1 and tsat_out_S1 are the saturation time of the innermost and the outermost lamination, respectively. The others can be seen in a same way)
图 14 基于磁开关的固态化高功率脉冲驱动源
Figure 14. Solid-state high-power pulse generator based on magnetic switches
图 16 双路磁开关同步运行电路示意及电磁耦合模拟结果
Figure 16. Circuit and simulation results with electromagnetic coupling of synchronization with two magnetic switches
图 17 两路磁开关回路参数存在差异时的电磁耦合实验结果
Figure 17. Experimental results of synchronization with two magnetic switches under different circuit parameters
表 1 三种结构磁芯的动态特性参数
Table 1. Dynamic characteristic parameters of magnetic core under three geometric structures
tsat_in/ns tsat_out/ns tsat/ns eddy current loss/J Emax/(kV·cm−1) structure 1 393.2 449.0 55.8 0.93 5.35 structure 2 396.0 438.6 42.6 0.58 5.64 structure 3 408.8 444.6 35.8 0.74 10.33 
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